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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Annals of Otology and Neurotology 2019; 02(01): 33-40
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693834
Review Article
Indian Society of Otology

Human Gaze Holding and Its Disorders

Aasef G. Shaikh
1   Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
2   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
3   Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
4   Neurology Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
› Author Affiliations Funding The author is supported by the Career Award from The American Academy of Neurology, George C. Cotzias Memorial Fellowship from the American Parkinson’s Disease Association, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Research Grant, and Dystonia Coalition NIH U54 TR001456.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 13 June 2019

Accepted: 17 June 2019

Publication Date:
30 September 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Stabilizing the retinal fovea on the object of interest is the most critical requirement for clear vision. Our brain implements sophisticated neural mechanisms to ensure stable gaze. In this article, I will review contemporary research delineating neural mechanisms for gaze holding. I will then describe various disorders of gaze holding in the context of basic neurophysiology, electrophysiology, and membrane biology. Particular focus is on the basic and translational neuroscience of central nystagmus of ocular motor and vestibular etiologies.

Keywords

neural integrator - nystagmus - cerebellum - brainstem - vertigo - oscillopsia
 

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