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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Neuroanaesth Crit Care 2019; 06(02): 160-166
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688896
Review Article
Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care

Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Kadarapura N. Gopalakrishna
1   Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Venkatapura J. Ramesh
1   Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 11. Februar 2019

Accepted after revision: 15. März 2019

Publikationsdatum:
03. Juni 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common, immune-mediated acute polyneuropathy characterized by variable degree of motor weakness, often presenting with quadriparesis. GBS with respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation is common, affecting approximately 30% of patients. In addition, they present with sensory features, cranial nerve involvement, and autonomic disturbance. The majority of GBS patients have preceding respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis. The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical features supported by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and nerve conduction studies. Early course of the GBS requires meticulous monitoring and early initiation of immunotherapy. Plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are the proven therapies, and both have been shown to be equally effective. General supportive care is an important part of management of GBS. A multidisciplinary approach to prevent and manage potential complications in rapidly progressing GBS is important to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Keywords

Guillain-Barré syndrome - immunotherapy - plasma exchange - immunoglobulin