Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019; 32(04): 297-304
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688772
Original Research
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

A Biomechanical Comparison of Three Miniature Locking Plate Systems in a Rabbit Radial and Ulnar Fracture Model

Harue Takizawa‡   #
1   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Muneki Honnami   #
2   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Veterinary Medical Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Takamasa Sakai
3   Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Akari Sasaki
1   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Ayumi Sakamoto
1   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Manabu Mochizuki
1   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
2   Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Veterinary Medical Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

28 August 2018

19 March 2019

Publication Date:
18 July 2019 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of three different miniature locking plate systems used to fixate radial and ulnar fractures in toy breed dogs. Implant size, shape, material and locking systems differ, and their influence on the fracture healing process is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate this matter in vivo using rabbit radial and ulnar fracture models.

Study Design Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and the left radius and ulna were osteotomized to create fracture models. The osteotomies were then fixated using either the TITAN LOCK 1.5, Fixin micro or LCP 1.5 system. Radiographs were obtained 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, the radiuses were collected and used for biomechanical testing or histological examinations.

Results During the 4 weeks of observation, no adverse effects due to the implants occurred. The radiographic scores in each group did not differ significantly at any time point. The maximum load in the LCP group was significantly higher than that in the TITAN and Fixin groups. There was no significant difference in bending stiffness or work to failure among the groups. Initial fracture healing via woven bone was evident at histological evaluation.

Conclusions All three miniature locking plate systems provided adequate fracture stabilization 4 weeks after surgery, despite their differences, in rabbit models.

Keywords

miniature locking plate - fracture repair - rabbit fracture model - biomechanical comparison - toy breed dogs

Author Contribution

Harue Takizawa and Muneki Honnami contributed to study design, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation. Muneki Honnami also contributed to conception of study. Akari Sasaki and Ayumi Sakamoto contributed to data acquisition. Takamasa Sakai and Manabu Mochizuki contributed to data analysis and interpretation. All authors drafted, revised and approved the submitted manuscript.


# These authors contributed equally to this study.


Supplementary Material

 

  • References

  • 1 Phillips IR. A survey of bone fractures in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 1979; 20 (11) 661-674
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Larsen LJ, Roush JK, McLaughlin RM. Bone plate fixation of distal radius and ulna fractures in small- and miniature-breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35 (03) 243-250
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 De Arburn Parent R, Benamou J, Gatineau M, Clerfond P, Planté J. Open reduction and cranial bone plate fixation of fractures involving the distal aspect of the radius and ulna in miniature- and toy-breed dogs: 102 cases (2008-2015). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250 (12) 1419-1426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Gibert S, Ragetly GR, Boudrieau RJ. Locking compression plate stabilization of 20 distal radial and ulnar fractures in toy and miniature breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2015; 28 (06) 441-447
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 McCartney W, Kiss K, Robertson I. Treatment of distal radial/ulnar fractures in 17 toy breed dogs. Vet Rec 2010; 166 (14) 430-432
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Lappin MR, Aron DN, Herron HL, Malnati G. Fractures of the radius and ulna in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1983; 19: 643-650
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Brianza SZM, Delise M, Maddalena Ferraris M, D'Amelio P, Botti P. Cross-sectional geometrical properties of distal radius and ulna in large, medium and toy breed dogs. J Biomech 2006; 39 (02) 302-311
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Welch JA, Boudrieau RJ, DeJardin LM, Spodnick GJ. The intraosseous blood supply of the canine radius: implications for healing of distal fractures in small dogs. Vet Surg 1997; 26 (01) 57-61
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Watrous GK, Moens NM. Cuttable plate fixation for small breed dogs with radius and ulna fractures: retrospective study of 31 dogs. Can Vet J 2017; 58 (04) 377-382
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 DeAngelis MP. Causes of delayed union and nonunion of fractures. Vet Clin North Am 1975; 5 (02) 251-258
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Waters DJ, Bruer GJ, Toombs JP. Treatment of common forelimb fractures in miniature breed and toy-breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993; 29 (05) 442-448
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Kang BJ, Ryu HH, Park S, Kim Y, Kweon OK, Hayashi K. Clinical evaluation of a mini locking plate system for fracture repair of the radius and ulna in miniature breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29 (06) 522-527
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Preston TJ, Glyde M, Hosgood G, Day RE. Dual bone fixation: a biomechanical comparison of 3 implant constructs in a mid-diaphyseal fracture model of the feline radius and ulna. Vet Surg 2016; 45 (03) 289-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Cabassu JB, Kowaleski MP, Skorinko JK, Blake CA, Gaudette GR, Boudrieau RJ. Single cycle to failure in torsion of three standard and five locking plate constructs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24 (06) 418-425
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Paavolainen P, Slätis P, Karaharju E, Holmström T. The healing of experimental fractures by compression osteosynthesis. I. Torsional strength. Acta Orthop Scand 1979; 50 (04) 369-374
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Blake CA, Boudrieau RJ, Torrance BS. , et al. Single cycle to failure in bending of three standard and five locking plates and plate constructs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24 (06) 408-417
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Pozzi A, Risselada M, Winter MD. Assessment of fracture healing after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation of coexisting radius and ulna fractures in dogs via ultrasonography and radiography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241 (06) 744-753
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hillyer E, Quesenberry K. Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997: 350
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Turner CH. Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality. Osteoporos Int 2002; 13 (02) 97-104
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Currey JD. Mechanical properties of bone tissues with greatly differing functions. J Biomech 1979; 12 (04) 313-319
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Terjesen T, Apalset K. The influence of different degrees of stiffness of fixation plates on experimental bone healing. J Orthop Res 1988; 6 (02) 293-299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Uhthoff HK, Dubuc FL. Bone structure changes in the dog under rigid internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1971; 81 (81) 165-170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Terjesen T, Benum P. The stress-protecting effect of metal plates on the intact rabbit tibia. Acta Orthop Scand 1983; 54 (06) 810-818
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Jagodzinski M, Krettek C. Effect of mechanical stability on fracture healing--an update. Injury 2007; 38 (01) (Suppl. 01) S3-S10
    PubMedGoogle Scholar