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J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2019; 80(06): 430-440
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1685186
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Describing a New Mechanism of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study

Huseyin Findik
1   Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
,
Ayhan Kanat
2   Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
,
Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
,
Murteza Cakir
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
,
Sevilay Akalp Ozmen
4   Department of Pathology, Erzurum Research-Training Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
,
Murat Okutucu
1   Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
,
Orhan Baykal
5   Department of Ophthalmology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
,
Sare Sipal
6   Department of Pathology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

30 August 2018

19 November 2018

Publication Date:
20 August 2019 (online)

Also available ateRefMedOne
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Abstract

Background The pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) and ophthalmic arteries (OpAs) have important roles in ocular autoregulation and retinal and visual functions. The relationship between PPG neuron density, OpA vasospasm, and retinal detachment in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has never been studied.

Methods This study was conducted on 25 rabbits. Five animals were in the control group (GI; n = 5), five in the sham group (GII; n = 5), and 15 in the study group (GIII; n = 15). After injection of 1 cc serum saline into the cisterna magna in the sham group, and autologous blood in the SAH group, the animals were followed for 3 weeks. All animals underwent a retinal examination five times a week for 3 weeks before and after the experiment. After the experiment, the neuron density of PPGs of the facial nerves, vasospasm index (VSI) of OpAs, and total basal surface values of the detached retinal parts (DRPs) were calculated.

Results In the funduscopic examination, intravitreous hemorrhage ( Terson's syndrome) was detected in four animals in the SAH group. In the control groups, neuron density was 12,000 ± 1,240/mm3, VSI = 0.345 ± 0.076, and DRP = 0 to 1.5 mm2. Mean neuron density was 9,450 ± 940/mm3, VSI = 1.645 ± 0.940, and DRP = 6.23 ± 1.61 mm2 in the sham group (p < 0.05). Neuron density was 6,890 ± 932/mm3, VSI = 2.92 ± 0.97, and DRP = 9.43 ± 2.54 mm2 in SAH group.

Conclusion Mean neuron density, VSI of OpAs, and DRP values differed statistically significant between the SAH group and other groups (p < 0.005). There is an inverse relationship between PPG neurons and DRP. However, a direct relationship was observed between the mean VSI and DRP values.

Keywords

subarachnoid hemorrhage - pterygopalatine ganglion - ophthalmic artery vasospasm - retinal detachment

Animal Experiments

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.