Diabetes distress

Diabetes distress

Diabetes distress (DD) is a psychological state, found in persons with diabetes and their caregivers. This is a state which causes significant emotional distress, however it fails to meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). The 2017 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, published by the American Diabetes Association, mentions the need to assess and manage DD to improve self-care and glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality.[1]

• References

• 1 American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl. 01) S39-S40
• 2 Kreider KE. Diabetes distress or major depressive disorder.A practical approach to diagnosing and treating psychological comorbidities of diabetes?. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8: 1-7
• 3 Gonzalez JS, Fisher L, Polonsky WH. Depression in diabetes: Have we been missing something important?. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 236-239
• 4 Fisher L, Hessler DM, Polonsky WH, Mullan J. When is diabetes distress clinically meaningful? establishing cut points for the Diabetes Distress Scale. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 259-264
• 5 Diabetes Distress: A Real and Normal Part of Diabetes. Available from: http://wwwidforg/diabetesvoice/issues/2016/issue-3/lawrence-fisher [Last accessed on 2017 Mar 04].
• 6 Fisher L, Mullan JT, Arean P, Glasgow RE, Hessler D, Masharani U. Diabetes distress but not clinical depression or depressive symptoms is associated with glycemic control in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 23-28
• 7 Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Earles J, Dudl RJ, Lees J, Mullan J. et al. Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes: Development of the Diabetes Distress Scale. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 626-631
• 8 Fisher L, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Arean P, Mohr D, Masharani U. et al. Clinical depression versus distress among patients with type 2 diabetes: Not just a question of semantics. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 542-548
• 9 Hermanns N, Caputo S, Dzida G, Khunti K, Meneghini LF, Snoek F. Screening, evaluation and management of depression in people with diabetes in primary care. Prim Care Diabetes 2013; 7: 1-10
• 10 Kalra S, Baruah MP, Das AK. Diabetes therapy by the ear: A bi-directional process. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19 (Suppl. 01) S4-S5
• 11 Kalra S, Kumar S, Kalra B, Unnikrishnan A, Agrawal N, Sahay R. Patient-provider interaction in diabetes: Minimizing the discomfort of change. Internet J Fam Pract 2010; 8: 1
• 12 Kalra S, Gupta Y. Social pharmacology and diabetes. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46: 564
• 13 Kalra S, Kalra B. A good diabetes counselor ‘Cares’: Soft skills in diabetes counseling. Internet J Health 2010; 11: 1-3
• 14 Kalra S, Kalra B, Sharma A, Sirka M. Motivational interviewing: The water approach. Endocr J 2010; 57: S391
• 15 Kalra S, Kalra B, Sharma A, Sirka M. Coping skills training: The AEIOU approach. Endocr J 2010; 57: S391
• 16 Kalra S, Baruah MP, Unnikrishnan AG. Responsible patient-centered care.Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2017 May. 21 (03) 365