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Thromb Haemost 2018; 118(12): 2020-2036
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675399
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System in Human Cancers: An Overview of Its Prognostic and Predictive Role

Josip Madunić
1   Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
› Institutsangaben Funding This work was supported by the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science.
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

14. April 2018

12. September 2018

Publikationsdatum:
12. November 2018 (online)

   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system regulates extracellular matrix remodelling by activating ubiquitous protease plasmin in many important physiological processes. The system components include uPA, plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) and uPA receptor (uPAR). Besides its role in physiological processes, uPA system is active in most tumour types where its aberrant regulation has been associated with the development of metastatic phenotype. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the over-expression of uPA, PAI-1 and uPAR not only enhances tumour cell invasion capacity and metastasis, but also corresponds to a higher risk of disease correlating with traditional clinicopathological features which makes them potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in a wide range of human malignancies. This review focuses on uPA system's prognostic and predictive role in several types of human cancers, summarizing its activities in cancer development and highlighting the importance of addressing all unanswered questions before bridging the gap between laboratory findings to clinic use of uPA system's components as cancer biomarkers.

Keywords

urokinase plasminogen activator - extracellular matrix - cancer biomarker - metastasis - oncotherapy
 

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