Influence of Coagulation on the Activation of Plasminogen by Streptokinase and Urokinase

Summary

Human plasma was mixed with Ca⁺⁺ or thrombin, and urokinase (UK) or streptokinase (SK) and a chromogenic substrate (S-2251: H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) specific to plasmin. The hydrolysis of S-2251 was higher when clot was formed by the addition of Ca⁺⁺ or thrombin than in the absence of clot. The hydrolysis of S-2251 by euglobulin in the presence of UK was also higher when clot was formed, thus, inhibitors may not be related to the better activation of plasminogen, in the presence of fibrin clot. It may be suggested that plasminogen was better activated by activators (UK and SK) in the clot than in its absence.

• References

• 1 Camiolo SM, Thorsen S, Astrup T. 1971; Fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis with tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, streptokinase-activated human globulin and plasmin, Proceeding of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 38: 277
• 2 Cederholm-Williams SA. 1978; The binding of plasminogen (Mol. Wt. 84,000) and plasmin to fibrin. Thrombosis Research 11: 421
• 3 Deutsch DG, Mertz ET. 1970; Plasminogen purification from human plasma by affinity chromatography. Science 170: 1095
• 4 Iatridis SG, Ferguson JH. 1962; Active Hageman factor: a plasma lysokinase of the human fibrinolytic system. Journal of Clinical Investigation 41: 1277
• 5 Itoh Y, Sugie I, Kato H, Iwanaga S. 1978; Studies on SK-potentiator from human plasma. Acta Hematologica Japonica 41: 272 (in Japanese)
• 6 Kaplan AP, Austen KF. 1972; The fibrinolytic pathway of human plasma. Isolation and characterization of the plasminogen proactivator Journal of Experimental Medicine 136: 1378
• 7 Kune DL, Fishman JB. 1961; Proactivator function of human plasmin as shown by lysine esterase assay. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236: 2807
• 8 Margolis J. 1958; Activation of plasma by contact with glass. Evidence for a common reaction which releases plasma kinin and initiates coagulation Journal of Physiology 144: 1
• 9 Ogston D, Ogston C, Ratnoff OD, Forbes CD. 1969; Studies on a complex mechanism for the activation of plasminogen by kaolin and by chloroform: The participation of Hageman factor and additional cofactors. Journal of Clinical Investigation 48: 1786
• 10 Reddy KN N, Markus G. 1974; Esterase activities in the zymogen moiety of the streptokinase-plasminogen complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249: 4851
• 11 Roberts PS. 1958; Measurement of the rate of plasmin action on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 232: 285
• 12 Schick LA, Castellino FJ. 1974; Direct evidence for the generation of an active site in the plasminogen moiety of the streptokinase-human plasminogen activator complex. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 57: 47
• 13 Sherry S, Troll W. 1954; The action of thrombin on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 208: 95
• 14 Svendsen L, Blombäck B, Blombäck M, Olsson P. 1972; Synthetic chromogenic substrates for determination of trypsin, thrombin and thrombin-like enzymes. Thrombosis Research 1: 267
• 15 Takada A, Takada Y. 1978; a Effect of tranexamic acid, t-AMCHA, and its cis-isomer on the complement system in vitro and vivo: Possible relationship between coagulation and complement systems. Thrombosis Research 13: 193
• 16 Takada A, Takada Y. 1978; b Studies on SK-potentiator of plasminogen in human plasma. Thrombosis Research 13: 325
• 17 Thorsen S. 1975; Differences in the binding to fibrin of native plasminogen and plasminogen modified by proteolytic degradation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 393: 55
• 18 Troll W, Sherry S, Wachman J. 1954; The action of plasmin on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 208: 85
• 19 Wallen P. 1978. Chemistry of plasminogen and plasminogen activation. In Progress in Chemical Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis, vol. 3. (eds) Davidson JF, Rowan RM, Samama MM, Desnoyers PC. Raven Press; New York: p 167
• 20 Wiman B, Collen D. 1978; On the reaction between plasmin and antiplasmin. Abstracts of XVII Congress of the International Society of Hematology p 30
• 21 Wiman B, Wallen P. 1977; The specific interaction between plasminogen and fibrin. A physiological role of the lysine binding site in plasminogen Thrombosis Research 10: 213