Summary
Platelet heterogeneity has been studied with a technique called functional fractionation
which employs gentle centrifugation to yield subpopulations (“reactive” and “less-reactive”
platelets) after exposure to small doses of aggregating agent. Aggregation kinetics
of the different platelet populations were investigated by quenched-flow aggregometry.
The large, “reactive” platelets were more sensitive to ADP (Ka = 1.74 μM) than the smaller “less-reactive” platelets (Ka = 4.08 μM). However, their maximal rate of aggregation (Vmax, % of platelets aggregating per sec) of 23.3 was significantly lower than the “less-reactive”
platelets (Vmax = 34.7). The “reactive” platelets had a 2.2 fold higher level of cyclic AMP.
Platelet glycoproteins were labeled using the neuraminidase-galactose oxidase – [H3]-NaBH4 technique. When platelets were labeled after reversible aggregation, the “reactive”
platelets showed a two-fold decrease in labeling efficiency (versus control platelets).
However, examination of whole cells or membrane preparations from reversibly aggregated
platelets revealed no significant difference in Coomassie or PAS (Schiff) staining.
These results suggest that the large, “reactive” platelets are more sensitive to ADP
but are not hyperaggregable in a kinetic sense. Reversible aggregation may cause a
re-orientation of membrane glycoproteins that is apparently not characterized by a
major loss of glycoprotein material.
Keywords
Platelets - Functional fractionation - Aggregation kinetics - Membrane glycoproteins
