Summary
Dextran fractions of different molecular weights were given to dogs in order to ascertain at which molecular weight dextran interferes with the coagulation factors.
1. Infusions of dextran with an average molecular weight of 130,000 (Intradex®) and in doses of 1.5 g dextran per kg body weight induced a moderate coagulation defect. There was a slight prolongation of the bleeding time and a slight drop in platelet count. Values for AHF, factor V, prothrombin and factor VII, and fibrinogen declined by 10 to 40% of the original values.
2. Infusions of dextran with an average molecular weight of 75,000 (Macrodex®) in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not produce any significant changes in bleeding time and platelet count. The AHF level decreased by 40% and the levels of prothrombin and factor VII, factor V and fibrinogen by about 10% of the original values. In a dose of 2 g per kg body weight this fraction produced a significant coagulation defect with a fall of the various coagulation factors by about 40 to 50%.
3. A dextran fraction with an average molecular weight of 60,000 in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not prolong the bleeding time and caused only a very slight decrease in platelet count. There were no changes in the values for AHF, factor V, prothrombin and factor VII but a slight drop occurred in the fibrinogen levels.
4. Dextran with an average molecualr weight of 40,000 (Rheomacrodex ® ) in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not affect the bleeding time or the platelet count. Nor did any significant decline occur in the amounts of the other coagulation factors.
No changes in the Duke or in the Ivy bleeding times were observed in human beings given Macrodex® and Rheomacrodex® in doses of 1 g per kg body weight.
Intradex® and Macrodex® in doses of up to 1-1.5 g per kg bodyweight to persons with normal blood coagulation are considered not associated with any appreciable risk of haemorrhage, but they are contraindicated in patients with haemorrhagic diathesis. The experiments indicate that Rheomacrodex® in similar doses does not incur any risk of haemorrhage.
