Thromb Haemost 1995; 73(03): 484-487
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653801
Original Articles
Fibrinolysis
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Estrogens Reduce Plasma Histidine-rich Glycoprotein (HRG) Levels in a Dose-dependent Way

B C Hennis
1   The Gaubius Laboratory, TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
D I Boomsma
2   Dept. of Psychonomics, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
K Fijnvandraat
3   EKZ/Children’s Academic Medical Centre, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
J A Gevers Leuven
1   The Gaubius Laboratory, TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
M Peters
3   EKZ/Children’s Academic Medical Centre, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
C Kluft
1   The Gaubius Laboratory, TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received 04 August 1994

Accepted after resubmission 30 November 1994

Publication Date:
26 July 2018 (online)

Summary

Plasma levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) were investigated in three groups of women receiving a different dose of estrogens. First, the effect of low-dose estrogen was studied in a group of 83 postmenopausal women who were treated with 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens (CE). No significant change from baseline levels was found at the end of cycle 3 and cycle 13. Secondly, in 15 mothers and 23 daughters using oral contraceptives (OC) containing 30-50 fig ethinyl estradiol (EE) daily the mean HRG level was 14% and 24% lower than in a group of 144 mothers and 134 daughters not taking oral contraceptives, respectively (p < 0.05). Finally, in 11 excessively tall prepuberal girls who received 300 μg EE daily to reduce their final height the mean plasma HRG levels were decreased by 68% (p < 0.005). The effect of proges- togens administered during low-dose and high-dose estrogen therapy appeared to be minor.

The results from these three studies indicate that estrogens reduce plasma HRG levels in a dose-dependent way.

 
  • References

  • 1 Böttiger LE, Boman G, Eklund G, Westerholm B. Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: Effects of lowering oestrogen content. Lancet 1980; 1: 1097-1101
  • 2 Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Estrogen use in children and adolescents: A survey. Pediatrics 1978; 62: 1091-1097
  • 3 Werder EA, Waibel P, Sege D, Flury R. Severe thrombosis during oestrogen treatment for tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149: 389-390
  • 4 Koide T. The primary structure of human histidine-rich glycoprotein and its functions as a modulator of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In: Fibrinolysis: Current Prospects. Gaffney PJ. et al eds John Libbey &Co; London: 1988: 55-63
  • 5 Hennis BC, De Maat MP M, Quax PH A, Le Clercq EJ, Kuiper J, Kluft C. Evaluation of sites of synthesis of the histidine-rich glycoprotein. Thromb Haemost 1991; 65: 884 abstract 660
  • 6 Lijnen HR, Hoylaerts M, Collen D. Isolation and characterization of a human plasma protein with affinity for the lysine binding sites in plasminogen. Role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and identification as histidine-rich glycoprotein J Biol Chem 1980; 255: 10214-10222
  • 7 Leung LL. Interaction of histidine-rich glycoprotein with fibrinogen and fibrin. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1305-1311
  • 8 Koide T, Odani S, Ono T. The N-terminal sequence of human plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein homologous to antithrombin with high affinity for heparin. FEBS Lett 1982; 141: 222-224
  • 9 Engesser L, Kluft C, Juhan-Vague I, Briët E, Brommer EJ P. Plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein and thrombophilia. Fibrinolysis 1988; Suppl (Suppl. 02) 43
  • 10 Ehrenford S, Aggören-Pürsüm V, Hach-Wunderle V, Scharrer I. Prevalence of elevated histidine-rich glycoprotein in patients with thrombophilia - A study of 695 patients. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 160-161
  • 11 Samama M, Conard J, Castel-Gatey M, Horrelou MH. Histidine-rich glycoprotein and deep venous thrombosis. In: Clinical Aspects of Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis. Jespersen J, Kluft C, Korsgaard O. eds. Esbjerg: South Jutland University Press; Esbjerg: 1983. pp 163-173
  • 12 Engesser L, Kluft C, Briët E, Brommer EJ P. Familial elevation of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein in a family with thrombophilia. Brit J Haematol 1987; 67: 355-358
  • 13 Anglés-Cano E, Gris JC, Loyau S, Schved JF. Familial association of high levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with venous thromboembolism. J Lab Clin Med 1993; 121: 646-653
  • 14 Castaman G, Ruggeri M, Burei F, Rodeghiero F. High levels of histidine- rich glycoprotein and thrombotic diathesis - Report of 2 unrelated families. Thromb Res 1993; 69: 297-305
  • 15 Boomsma DI, Hennis BC, Van Wees AG M, Frants RR, Kluft C. A parent- twin study of plasma levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 848-851
  • 16 De Bart AC W, Hennis BC, Havelaar AC, Kluft C. Variability in information from a single venipuncture in healthy volunteers: Analysis of the haemostatic variables fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Fibrinolysis 1992; suppl (Suppl. 03) 81-82
  • 17 Leebeek FW G, Kluft C, Knot EA R, De Maat MP M. Histidine-rich glycoprotein is elevated in mild liver cirrhosis and decreased in moderate and severe liver cirrhosis. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 113: 493-497
  • 18 Karges HE, Egbring R, Merte D. Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and complement in septicemia. Behring Inst Mitt 1986; 79: 154-163
  • 19 Morgan WT. Serum histidine-rich glycoprotein levels are decreased in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and by steroid therapy. Biochem Med Metabol Biol 1986; 36: 210-213
  • 20 Saigo K, Yoshida A, Ryo R, Yamaguchi N, Leung LL K. Histidine-rich glycoprotein as a negative acute phase reactant. Am J Hematol 1990; 34: 149-150
  • 21 Gevers LeuvenJ A, Kluft C, Bertina RM, Hessel LW. Effects of two low- dose oral contraceptives on circulating components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. J Lab Clin Med 1987; 109: 631-636
  • 22 Jespersen J, Petersen KR, Skouby SO. Effects of newer oral contraceptives on the inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to dosage and type of steroid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 396-403
  • 23 Haukkamaa M, Morgan WT, Koskelo P. Serum histidine-rich glycoprotein during pregnancy and hormone treatment. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1983; 43: 591-595
  • 24 Jespersen J, Kluft C. Decreased levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and increased levels of free plasminogen in women on oral contraceptives low in estrogen. Thromb Haemost 1982; 48: 283-285
  • 25 Mancini G, Carbonara AD, Heremans JF. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry 1965; 2: 235-254
  • 26 Gambrell JR RD, Bagnell CA, Greenblatt RB. Role of estrogens and progesterone in the ethiology and prevention of endometrial cancer: Review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146: 696-707
  • 27 Neumann F. The physiological action of progesterone and the pharmacological effects of progesterons - A short review. Postgrad Med J 1978; 54 suppl (Suppl. 02) 11-24
  • 28 Thompson SG, Van de Loo J, Haverkate F. Principal results of the ECAT angina pectoris study. Thromb Haemost 1991; 65: 816 abstract
  • 29 Peters M, ten Cate H, Sturk A. Acquired protein S deficiency might be associated with a prethrombotic state during estrogen treatment for tall stature. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 371-372