Superoxide, Xanthine Oxidase and Platelet Reactions: Further Studies on Mechanisms by which Oxidants Influence Platelets

Summary

In the course of studying the effects on platelets of the oxidant species superoxide (O^- ₂), Of was generated by the interaction of xanthine oxidase plus xanthine. Surprisingly, gel-filtered platelets, when exposed to xanthine oxidase in the absence of xanthine substrate, were found to generate superoxide (O^- ₂), as determined by the reduction of added cytochrome c and by the inhibition of this reduction in the presence of superoxide dismutase.

In addition to generating Of, the xanthine oxidase-treated platelets display both aggregation and evidence of the release reaction. This xanthine oxidase induced aggreagtion is not inhibited by the addition of either superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c, suggesting that it is due to either a further metabolite of O^- ₂, or that O^- ₂ itself exerts no important direct effect on platelet function under these experimental conditions. The ability of Of to modulate platelet reactions in vivo or in vitro remains in doubt, and xanthine oxidase is an unsuitable source of O^- ₂ in platelet studies because of its own effects on platelets.

Keywords

Superoxide - Xanthine oxidase - Platelet reactions and oxidant stress

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