Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1976; 35(01): 139-150
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1647939
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Role of Surface Glycoproteins in Human Platelet Function[*]

A. T Nurden
1   Nuffield Institute of Comparative Medicine, The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY;, Department of Hemostasis and Experimental Thrombosis, E.R.A. 335 C.N.R.S., Institut de Recherches sur les Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 2 Pl. du Dr. Alfred Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10; and Unité 150 de l’INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10
,
J. P Caen
1   Nuffield Institute of Comparative Medicine, The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY;, Department of Hemostasis and Experimental Thrombosis, E.R.A. 335 C.N.R.S., Institut de Recherches sur les Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 2 Pl. du Dr. Alfred Fournier, 75475 Paris Cedex 10; and Unité 150 de l’INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received 06 August 1975

accepted 06 August 1975

Publication Date:
02 July 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

Glycoproteins present at the external surface of cells probably play specific roles in cellular function. Increasing evidence suggests that the glycoproteins span the plasma membrane with the bulk of the bound carbohydrate asymmetrically distributed on the outer surface. Micellar association of glycoproteins in membranes leads to pore formation and functional roles in transport through the membrane, while surface glycoproteins have been shown to be enzymes, to determine cell specificity and contribute to the cell surface charge. The platelet plasma membrane contains 3 major glycoproteins, glycoproteins I, II and III as characterized in order of their decreasing molecular weight. Glycoprotein I appears to have the highest sialic acid content and to give rise to a platelet specific acidic macroglycopeptide on trypsin digestion. Specific glycoprotein abnormalities in the platelets of patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia suggest that the glycoproteins play a role in the mechanism of platelet aggregation. A much reduced content of glycoprotein I in the platelets of 2 patients with the Bernard Soulier syndrome may be associated with their defective adhesion to subendothelium and indicates a possible relationship on the platelet surface with the von Willebrand factor protein. Preliminary evidence suggests that in common with other plasma membranes the platelet membrane has a fluid structure and that the organization of the glycoproteins on the platelet surface is extremely sensitive to stimuli and susceptible to change.

* Presented at the Vth Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Paris, July, 1975.


 

  • References

  • 1 Balduini C, Balduini C. L, Ascari A. 1974; Membrane glycopeptides from young and old human erythrocytes. Biochemical Journal 140: 557.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Barber A. J, Jamieson G. A. 1970; Isolation and characterisation of plasma membranes from human blood platelets. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245: 6357.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Barber A. J, Jamieson G. A. 1971; Isolation of glycopeptides from low and high density platelet plasma membranes. Biochemistry 10: 4711.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Baumgartner H. R, Haudenschild C. 1972; Adhesion of platelets to subendothelium. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 201: 22.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Booyse F. M, Rafelson Jr. M. E. 1972; Regulation and mechanism of platelet aggregation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 201: 37.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Brown P. A, Feinstein M. B, Sha’afi R. I. 1975; Membrane proteins related to water transport in human erythrocytes. Nature 254: 523.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Cabantchik Z. I, Rothstein A. 1974; The nature of membrane proteins related to anion permeability of human red blood cells. I. Localisation of disulfonic stilbene binding sites in proteins involved in permeation. Journal of Membrane Biology 15: 207.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Caen J. P, Nurden A. T, Jeanneau C, Michel H, Tobelem G, Levy-Toledano S, Sultan Y, Valensi F, Bernard J. 1976 Bernard Soulier syndrome: A new platelet glycoprotein abnormality. Its relationship with platelet adhesion to subendothelium and with the Factor VIII von Willebrand protein. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. (in press).
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Caen J. P, Michel H. 1972; Platelet shape change and aggregation. Nature 240: 148.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Castaldi P. A, Caen J. P. 1965; Platelet fibrinogen. Journal of Clinical Pathology 18: 579.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Davey M. G, Luscher E. F. 1967; Actions of thrombin and other coagulant and proteolytic enzymes on blood platelets. Nature 216: 857.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Edelman G. M, Yahara I, Wang J. L. 1973; Receptor mobility and receptor-cytoplasmic interactions in lymphocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A 70: 1442.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Evans W. H. 1974; Nucleotide pyrophosphatase. a sialoglycoprotein located on the hepatocyte surface Nature 250: 391.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Ganguly P. 1975; Interaction of thrombin with human platelets. British Journal of Haematology 29: 617.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Gates R. E, Phillips D. R, Morrison M. 1975; The distinguishing characteristics of the plasma membrane are its exposed proteins. Biochemical Journal 147: 373.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gröttum K. A, Jeremic M. 1973; Neuraminidase injections in rabbits. Reduced platelet surface charge, aggregation and thrombocytopenia. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 29: 461.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Gröttum K. A, Solum N. O. 1969; Congenital thrombocytopenia with giant platelets: a defect in the platelet membrane. British Journal of Haematology 16: 211.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hanna N, Nelken D. 1971; Detection, separation and characterisation of organ specific antigens of human thrombocytes. Immunology 20: 533.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hughes R. C. 1973; Glycoproteins as components of cellular membranes. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 26: 189.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Howard M. A, Montgomery D. C, Hardisty R. M. 1974; Factor VIII related antigen in platelets. Thrombosis Research 4: 617.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Jamieson G. A, Fuller N. A, Barber A. J, Lombart C. 1971; Membrane glycoproteins of human blood platelets. Series Haematologica 4: 125.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Kaplan K. L, Nachman R. L. 1974; The effect of platelet membrane antibodies on aggregation and release. British Journal of Haematology 28: 551.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Lin S, Spudich J. A. 1974; Binding of cytochalasin B to a red cell membrane protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 61: 1471.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lombart C, Okumura T, Jamieson G. A. 1974; Isolation of a surface glycoprotein of human platelets. FEBS Letters 41: 30.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Maestracci D, Schmttz J, Preiser H, Crane R. K. 1973; Proteins and glycoproteins of the human intestinal brush border membrane. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 323: 113.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Majerus P. W, Brodie G. N. 1972; The binding of phytohemagglutinins to human platelet plasma membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 240: 4253.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Maroudas N. G. 1975; Adhesion and spreading of cells on charged surfaces. Journal of Theoretical Biology 49: 417.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Mehrishi J. N. 1971; The human blood platelets as a molecular mosaic. Thrombosis Diathesis Haemorrhagica 26: 370.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Mester L, Szabados L, Born G. V. R, Michal F. 1972; Changes in the aggregation of platelets enriched in sialic acid. Nature New Biology 236: 213.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Miale J. B, Kent J. W. 1975; Prothrombin complex proteins as cofactors in platelet aggregation. I. Inhibition of aggregation by an antiserum. Blood 45: 97.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Michel H, Caen J. P, Born G. V. R, Miller R, Angles D’Auriac G, Meyer P. 1976 Cyclic AMP in platelet aggregation. British Journal of Haematology. (in press).
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Mueller T. J, Morrison M. 1974; The transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane of normal human erythrocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249: 7568.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Nachman R. L, Ferris B. 1972; Studies on the proteins of human platelet membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247: 4468.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Nachman R. L, Ferris B. 1974; Binding of adenosine diphosphate by isolated membranes from human platelets. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249: 704.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Nachman R. L, Hubbard A, Ferris B. 1973; Iodination of the human platelet membrane. Journal of Biological Chemistry 248: 2928.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Nurden A. T, Butcher P. D, Bredoux R, Caen J. P. 1974; Platelet shape change: Induction by trypsin and release of an acidic macroglycopeptide from washed human platelets and from those of three cases of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. Haemostasis 3: 212.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Nurden A. T, Caen J. P. 1974; An abnormal platelet glycoprotein pattern in three cases of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. British Journal of Haematology 28: 253.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Nurden A. T, Caen J. P. 1975; Specific roles for platelet surface glycoproteins in platelet function. Nature 255: 720.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Parsons D. F, Subjeck J. R. 1972; Morphology of the polysaccharide coat of mammalian cells. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 265: 85.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Pepper D. S, Jamieson G. A. 1970; Isolation of a macroglycopeptide from human platelets. Biochemistry 9: 3706.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Phillips D. R, Poh Agin P. 1974; Thrombin substrates and the proteolytic site of thrombin action on human platelet plasma membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 352: 218.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Schmukler M, Zieve P. D. 1974; The effect of concanavalin A on human platelets and their response to thrombin. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 83: 887.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Sheppard B. L, French J. E. 1971; Platelet adhesion in the rabbit abdominal aorta following the removal of the endothelium: a scanning and transmission electron microscopical study. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 176: 427.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Singer S. J. 1974; The molecular organisation of membranes. Annual Reviews in Biochemistry 43: 805.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Singer S. J, Nicolson G. L. 1972; The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175: 720.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Steck T. L. 1974; The organisation of proteins in the human red blood cell membrane. Journal of Cell Biology 62: 1.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Szabados L, Mester L, Michal F, Born G. V. R. 1975; Accelerated uptake of 5-Hydroxy-tryptamine by human blood platelets enriched in a sialic acid. Biochemical Journal 148: 335.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Tanner M. J. A, Boxer D. H. 1972; Separation and some properties of the major proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemical Journal 129: 333.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Taylor R. B, Duffus W. P.H, Raff M. C, de Petris S. 1971; Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobin antibody. Nature New Biology 233: 225.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Tschopp T B, Weiss H. J, Baumgartner H. R. 1974; Decreased adhesion of platelets to subendothelium in von Willebrand’s disease. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 83: 296.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Tuech J. K, Morrison M. 1974; Human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins: a study of interconversion. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 59: 352.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Walsh P. N, Mills D. C. B, Pareti F. I, Stewart G. J, Macfarlane D. E, Johnson M. M, Egan J. J. 1975; Hereditary giant platelet syndrome. Absence of collagen induced coagulant activity and deficiency of Factor-XI binding to platelets. British Journal of Haematology 29: 639.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Weiss H. J, Rogers J, Brand H. 1973; Defective ristocetin induced platelet aggregation in von Willebrand’s disease and its correction by factor VIII. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52: 2697.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Weiss H. J, Tschopp T. B, Baumgartner H. R, Sussman I. I, Johnson M. M, Egan J. J. 1974; Decreased adhesion of giant (Bernard Soulier) platelets to subendothelium: further implications on the role of the von Willebrand factor in hemostasis. American Journal of Medicine 57: 920.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar