Primary and Secondary Lysosomes in Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Cattle with the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Summary

The ultrastructure of lysosomes from megakaryocytes (MK) and platelets of cattle with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) was characterized using acid phosphatase histochemistry with beta-glycerophosphate as substrate and cerium as a capturing agent. Acid phosphatase was localized in the trans aspect of the Golgi complex and/or granules in MK at all stages of maturation. Morphometric analysis of the diameter of each lysosome was performed on MK from CHS cattle and compared to MK from normal cattle. Lysosomes in CHS MK were neither enlarged nor different with respect to classification as secondary lysosomes, which composed 35% of the lysosomes in CHS MK. Lysosomes were demonstrated in 22% of the CHS platelet sections and appeared similar to those from normal cattle, 56% of them being classified as secondary lysosomes. Why lysosomes are not enlarged in bovine CHS MK and platelets, whereas they are enlarged in most other cell types, remains unknown.

• References

• 1 Prieur DJ, Collier LL. Chediak-Higashi syndrome of animals. Am J Pathol 1978; 90: 533-536
• 2 Eguchi M, Poon KC, Spicer SS. Alterations in the proximal nephron of beige mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Am J Pathol 1982; 106: 95-109
• 3 Oliver C, Essner E. Formation of anomalous lysosomes in monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils from bone marrow of mice with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Lab Invest 1975; 32: 17-27
• 4 Ash P, Loutit JF, Townsend KM. Giant lysosomes, a cytoplasmic marker in osteoclasts of beige mice. J Pathol 1980; 130: 237-245
• 5 Sato A, Spicer SS, Liebman WM. Crinophagic inclusions in gastric chief cells of mice with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Exp Mol Pathol 1982; 37: 85-91
• 6 Chi EY, Lagunoff D, Koehler JK. Abnormally large lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes in Chediak-Higashi syndrome in beige mice. Lab Invest 1976; 34: 166-173
• 7 Davis WC, Spicer SS, Greene WB, Padgett GA. Ultrastructure of bone marrow granulocytes in normal mink and mink with the homolog of the Chediak-Higashi trait of humans. I. Origin of the abnormal granules present in the neutrophils of mink with the C-HS trait. Lab Invest 1971; 24: 303-317
• 8 Davis WC, Spicer SS, Greene WB, Padgett GA. Ultrastructure of cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood of normal mink and mink with the homolog of the Chediak-Higashi trait of humans. II. Cytoplasmic granules in eosinophils, basophils, mononuclear cells and platelets. Am J Pathol 1971; 63: 411-431
• 9 Spicer SS, Sato A, Vincent R, Eguchi M, Poon KC. Lysosome enlargement in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Fed Proc 1981; 40: 1451-1455
• 10 Davis WC, Douglas SD. Defective granule formation and function in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome in man and animals. Semin Hematol 1972; 9: 431-450
• 11 Douglas SD, Blume RS, Wolff SM. Fine structural studies of leukocytes from patients and heterozygotes with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Blood 1969; 33: 527-540
• 12 Oliver C, Essner E. Distribution of anomalous lysosomes in the beige mouse: A homologue of Chediak-Higashi syndrome. J Histochem Cytochem 1973; 21: 218-228
• 13 White JG, Clawson CC. Chediak-Higashi syndrome: Variable cytochemical reactivity of giant inclusions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ultrastruct Pathol 1980; 1: 233-236
• 14 Hammel I, Dvorak AM, Galli SJ. Defective cytoplasmic granule formation. I. Abnormalities affecting tissue mast cells and pancreatic acinar cells of beige mice. Lab Invest 1987; 56: 321-328
• 15 Parmley RT, Poon MC, Crist WM, Malluh A. Giant platelet granules in a child with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Am J Hematol 1979; 6: 51-60
• 16 Costa JL, Fauci AS, Wolff SM. A platelet abnormality in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man. Blood 1976; 48: 517-520
• 17 Prieur DJ, Holland JM, Bell TG, Young DM. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of platelets from cattle with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Lab Invest 1976; 35: 197-204
• 18 Meyers KM, Hopkins G, Holmsen H, Benson K, Prieur DJ. Ultrastructure of resting and activated storage pool deficient platelets from animals with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Am J Pathol 1982; 106: 364-377
• 19 Rendu F, Breton-Gorius J, Lebret M, Klebanoff C, Buriot D, Griscelli C, Levy-Toledano S, Caen JP. Evidence that abnormal platelet functions in human Chediak-Higashi syndrome are the result of a lack of dense bodies. Am J Pathol 1983; 111: 307-314
• 20 Fagerland JA, Hagemoser WA, Ireland WP. Ultrastructure and sterology of leukocytes and platelets of normal foxes and a fox with a Chediak-Higashi-like syndrome. Vet Pathol 1987; 24: 164-169
• 21 Holland JM. Serotonin deficiency and prolonged bleeding in beige mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1976; 151: 32-39
• 22 White JG, Gerrard JM. Ultrastructural features of abnormal blood platelets. Am J Pathol 1976; 83: 590-614
• 23 White JG. Platelet microtubules and giant granules in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Am J Med Technol 1978; 44: 273-278
• 24 Menard M, Meyers KM. Storage pool deficiency in cattle with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome results from an absence of dense granule precursors in their megakaryocytes. Blood 1988; 72: 1726-1734
• 25 Bentfeld-Barker ME, Bainton DF. Identification of primary lysosomes in human megakaryocytes and platelets. Blood 1982; 59: 472-481
• 26 Bentfeld ME, Bainton DF. Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzymes in rat megakaryocytes and platelets. J Clin Invest 1975; 56: 1635-1649
• 27 Menard M, Meyers KM, Prieur DJ. Demonstration of secondary lysosomes in bovine megakaryocytes and platelets using acid phosphatase cytochemistry with cerium as a trapping agent. Thromb Haemostas 1990; 63: 127-132
• 28 Paulus JM. DNA metabolism and development of organelles in guinea-pig megakaryocytes: A combined ultrastructural, autoradiographic and cytophotometric study. Blood 1970; 35: 298-311
• 29 Meyers KM, Holmsen H, Seachord CL, Hopkins GE, Borchard RE, Padgett GA. Storage pool deficiency in platelets from Chediak-Higashi cattle. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: 239-248
• 30 Menard M, Meyers KM, Prieur DJ. Primary and secondary lysosomes in megakaryocytes and platelets from normal cattle and cattle with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Blood 1988; 72: 332 (Abstr)
• 31 Gewirtz AM. Human megakaryocytopoiesis. Semin Hematol 1986; 23: 27-42
• 32 White JG. Uptake of latex particles by blood platelets. Am J Pathol 1972; 69: 439-450
• 33 Fedorko ME. The functional capacity of guinea pig megakaryocytes. II. The uptake of particles and macromolecules and the effect of rabbit antiguinea pig platelet antiserum. Lab Invest 1977; 36: 321-328
• 34 van Oost BA. In vitro platelet responses: acid hydrolase secretion. In: Platelet Responses and Metabolism. Vol. 1 Holmsen H. (ed) CRC Press; Boca Raton: 1986. pp 164-185