Protein C Inhibitor: Structure and Function

Keywords

Protein C inhibit - Protein C pathway - Serine protease inhibitor - Serpin superfamily

• References

• 1 Rosenberg RD, Rosenberg JS. Natural anticoagulant mechanisms. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 1-6
• 2 Stenflo J. A new vitamin K-dependent protein: Purification from bovine plasma and preliminary characterization. J Biol Chem 1976; 251: 355-363
• 3 Esmon CT. Protein C: Biochemistry, physiology, and clinical implications. Blood 1983; 62: 1155-1158
• 4 Suzuki K, Stenflo J, Dahlbäck B, Teodorsson B. Inactivation of human coagulation Factor V by activated protein C. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 1914-1920
• 5 Eaton D, Rodriguez H, Vehar GA. Proteolytic processing of human Factor VIII. Correlation of activated protein C with activation and inactivation of Factor VIII coagulant activity. Biochemistry 1986; 25: 505-512
• 6 Griffin JH. Clinical studies of protein C. Semin Thromb Hemostas 1984; 10: 161-162
• 7 Comp PC, Nixon RR, Cooper MR, Esmon CT. Familial protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 2082-2088
• 8 Kamiya T, Sugihara T, Ogata K, Saito H, Suzuki K, Nishioka J, Hashimoto S, Yamagata K. Inherited deficiency of protein S in a Japanese family with recurrent venous thrombosis: A study of three generations. Blood 1986; 67: 406-410
• 9 Marlar RA, Griffin JH. Deficiency of protein C inhibitor in combined factor V/VIII deficiency disease. J Clin Invest 1980; 66: 1186-1189
• 10 Suzuki K, Nishioka J, Hashimoto S. Protein C inhibitor. Purification from human plasma and characterization J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 163-168
• 11 Kusumoto K, Suzuki K, Hashimoto S. Purification and characterization of bovine protein C inhibitor: Comparison with a human protein. J Jpn Biochem Soc 1986; 58: 613 (abstr)
• 12 Suzuki K, Nishioka J, Kusumoto H, Hashimoto S. Mechanism of inhibition of activated protein C by protein C inhibitor. J Biochem 1984; 95: 187-195
• 13 Meijjers JC M, Kanters DH A, Vlooswijk RA A, van Erp HE, Hessing M, Bouma BN. Inactivation of human plasma kallikrein and Factor XIa by protein C inhibitor. Biochemistry 1988; 27: 4231-4237
• 14 Stief TW, Radtke K-P, Heimburger N. Inhibition of urokinase by protein C inhibitor (PCI) – Evidence for identity of PCI and plasminogen activator inhibitor 3. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 1987; 368: 1427-1433
• 15 Heeb MJ, Espana F, Geiger M, Collen D, Stump DC, Griffin JH. Immunological identity of heparin-dependent plasma and urinary protein C inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-3. J Biol Chem 1987; 263: 15813-15816
• 16 Morito F, Saito F, Suzuki K, Nishioka J. Synthesis and secretion of a cDNA for human protein C inhibitor by hepatoma-derived cell line, HepG2. Biochem Biophys Acta 1985; 884: 209-214
• 17 Suzuki K. Biochemistry and physiology of protein C inhibitor. In: Protein C – Biochemical and Medical Aspects. Witt I. (ed.) Walter de Gruyter; Berlin: 1985. pp 43-58
• 18 Suzuki K. Activated protein C inhibitor. Semin Thromb Hemostas 1984; 10: 154-161
• 19 Francis RB, Thomas W. Behavior of protein C inhibitor in intravascular coagulation and liver disease. Thromb Haemostas 1984; 52: 71-74
• 20 Giddings JC, Sugrue A, Bloom AL. Quantitation of coagulant antigens and inhibition of activated protein C in combined factor V/ VII deficiency. Br J Haematol 1982; 52: 495-502
• 21 Canfield WM, Kiesiel W. Evidence of normal functional levels of activated protein C inhibitor in combined factor V/VIII deficiency disease. J Clin Invest 1982; 70: 1260-1272
• 22 Suzuki K, Nishioka J, Hashimoto S, Kamiya T, Saito H. Normal titer of functional and immunoreactive protein C inhibitor in plasma of patients with congenital combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII. Blood 1983; 62: 1266-1270
• 23 Marlar RA, Endres-Brooks J, Miller C. Serial studies of protein C and its plasma inhibitor in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Blood 1985; 66: 59-65
• 24 Nishioka J, Suzuki K. Determination of a complex formed with activated protein C and protein C inhibitor (CIC) and its clinical significance. Acta Haematol Jpn 1989; 52: 485 (Abstr)
• 25 Van der Meer FJ M, van Tilburg NH, van der Linden IK, Briët E, Bertina RM. A second plasma inhibitor of activated protein C (APC). Thromb Haemostas 1987; 58: 277 (Abstr)
• 26 Heeb MJ, Griffin JH. Physiologic inhibition of human activated protein C by α₁-antitrypsin. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 11613-11616
• 27 Meijers JC M, Vlooswijk RA A, Kanters DH A J, Hessing M, Bouma BN. Identification of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the function of protein C inhibitor. Evidence for heparin-independent inhibition of activated protein C in plasma. Blood 1988; 72: 1401-1403
• 28 Börk I, Jackson CM, Jornvall H, Lavine KK, Nordling K, Salsgiver WJ. The active site of antithrombin III. Release of the same proteolytically cleaved form of the inhibitor from complexes with Factor IXa, Factor Xa, and thrombin. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 2406-2411
• 29 Suzuki K, Deyashiki Y, Nishioka J, Kurachi K, Akira M, Yamamoto S, Hashimoto S. Characterization of a cDNA for human protein C inhibitor. A new member of the plasma serine protease inhibitor superfamily J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 611-616
• 30 Chandra T, Stackhouse R, Kidd VJ, Woo LC. Isolation and sequence characterization of a cDNA clone of human antithrombin III. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 1845-1848
• 31 Long GL, Chandra T, Woo SL, Davie EW, Kurachi K. Complete sequence of the cDNA for human α₁-antitrypsin and the gene for the S variant. Biochemistry 1984; 23: 4828-4837
• 32 Chandra T, Stackhouse R, Kidd VJ, Robson KJ H, Woo SL C. Sequence homology between human α₁-antichymotrypsin, α₁-antitryp-sin, and antithrombin III. Biochemistry 1983; 22: 5055-5061
• 33 Ragg H. A new member of the plasma protease inhibitor gene family. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14: 1073-1088
• 34 Holmes WE, Nelles L, Lijnen HR, Collen D. Primary structure of human oq-antiplasmin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 1659-1664
• 35 Ny T, Sawdey M, Lawrence D, Millan JL, Loskutoff DJ. Cloning and sequence of a cDNA coding for the human β-migrating endothelial cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 6776-6780
• 36 Davis III AE, Whitehead AS, Harrison RA, Dauphinais A, Bruns GA P, Cicardi M, Rosen FS. Human inhibitor of the first component of complement, C1: Characterization of cDNA clones and localization of the gene to chromosome 11. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 3161-3165
• 37 Flink IL, Bailey TJ, Gustafson TA, Markham BE, Morkin E. Complete amino acid sequence of human thyroxine-binding globulin deduced from cloned DNA: Close homology to the serine antiproteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 7708-7712
• 38 Kageyama R, Ohkubo H, Nakanishi S. Primary structure of human preangiotensinogen deduced from the cloned cDNA sequence. Biochemistry 1984; 23: 3603-3609
• 39 Kurachi K, Chandra T, Friezner-Degen SJ, White TT, Marchioro TL, Woo SL C, Davie EW. Cloning and sequence of cDNA coding for α₁-antitrypsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 6826-6830
• 40 Ohkubo H, Kageyama R, Ujihara M, Hirose T, Inayama S, Nakanishi S. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for rat angiotensinogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2196-2200
• 41 McReynolds L, O’Malley BW, Nisbett AD, Fothergill JE, Givol D, Fields S, Robertson M, Brownlee GG. Sequence of chicken ovalbumin mRNA. Nature 1978; 273: 723-728
• 42 Owen MC, Brennan SO, Lewis JH, Carrell RW. Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin α₁-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met → Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 694-698
• 43 Fitch W, Margoliash E. Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 1967; 155: 279-284
• 44 Prochownik EV, Bock SC, Orkin SH. Intron structure of the human antithrombin III gene differs from that of other members of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 9609-9612
• 45 Loebermann H, Tokuoka R, Deisenhofer J, Huber R. Human α₁-proteinase inhibitor: crystal structure analysis of two crystal modifications, molecular model and preliminary analysis of the implications for function. J Mol Biol 1984; 177: 531-556
• 46 Toma K, Yamamoto S, Deyashiki Y, Suzuki K. Three-dimensional structure of protein C inhibitor predicted from structure of α₁-antitrypsin with computer graphics. Protein Eng 1987; 1: 471-475
• 47 Toma K. Simple protein model building tool. J Mol Graphics 1987; 5: 101-102
• 48 Marquart M, Walter J, Deisenhofer J, Bode W, Huber R. The geometry of the reactive site and of the peptide groups in trypsin, trypsinogen and its complexes with inhibitors. Acta Cryst 1983; B 39: 480-490
• 49 Deyashiki N, Suzuki K. Expression of cDNA coding for the human protein C inhibitor. J Jpn Biochem Soc 1987; 59: 821 (abstr)
• 50 Peterson CB, Blackburn MN. Isolation and characterization of an antithrombin III variant with reduced carbohydrate content and enhanced heparin binding. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 610-615
• 51 Hill RE, Shaw RK, Boyd PA, Baumann H, Hastie ND. Plasma protease inhibitors in mouse and human: divergence within the reactive centre regions. Nature 1984; 311: 175-177
• 52 Hejgaard J, Rasmussen SK, Brandt A, Svendson J. Sequence homology between barley endosperm protein and protease inhibitors of the α-antitrypsin family. FEBS Lett 1985; 180: 89-94