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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal 2019; 28(02): 106-120
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1645846
Review Articles | Artículos de Revisión
Sociedad Colombiana de Urología. Publicado por Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Epidemiología del cáncer de vejiga con énfasis en Colombia - revisión de la literatura

Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer with Emphasis in Colombia - Review of the Literature
Mauricio Medina-Rico
1   Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
,
Manuel Lobo
2   Estudiante de 5to año de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
,
Jorge Romo
2   Estudiante de 5to año de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
,
Juan Guillermo Prada
2   Estudiante de 5to año de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
,
Hugo López-Ramos
3   Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

15 September 2017

09 March 2018

Publication Date:
24 April 2018 (online)

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Resumen

Introducción El cáncer de vejiga es el noveno cáncer más frecuente para ambos sexos con una incidencia en ascenso. Habiendo una aparente relación entre el desarrollo de los países y la epidemiología del cáncer; el objetivo de este artículo es observar la epidemiología del cáncer de vejiga en nuestro medio respecto a otros países y describir los posibles factores asociados.

Métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en cuatro bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Cochrane database y Lilacs. Se incluyeron estudios de incidencia, prevalencia, mortalidad, sobrevida y carga de enfermedad, publicados en los últimos 5 años.

Resultados Se encontraron 7806 referencias que fueron discriminadas por título y resumen, incluyendo al final 44 referencias en texto completo. Se observaron tasas de incidencia y mortalidad diferentes, siendo las más altas las encontradas en Europa principalmente en la República Checa seguido de Norte América. En Colombia, la incidencia general es de 6,8/100.000 en hombres y 2,1/100.000 en mujeres entre 2003 y 2007, encontrando cifras bajas en departamentos como la Guajira.

Conclusiones Se ha observado un ascenso en la incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de vejiga a nivel global. Parece haber una asociación con el tabaquismo y la dieta, así como con el Índice de Desarrollo Humano. Existe una escasa información en Latino América. En Colombia, observando los datos de algunos departamentos y la distribución de especialistas por regiones, se puede suponer un sub-registro haciendo necesario mejorar los sistemas de vigilancia, así como las políticas de salud para el diagnóstico e intervención temprana del cáncer.

Abstract

Introduction Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer for both sexes with an increasing incidence. There is an apparent relationship between the development of countries and the epidemiology of cancer; the objective of this article is to observe the epidemiology of bladder cancer in our environment respect to other countries and to describe the possible associated factors.

Methods A review of the literature was performed in four databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane database and Lilacs. Studies about Incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival and burden of disease, published in the past 5 years, were included.

Results 7806 references were found that were discriminated by title and abstract, 44 references in full text were included at the end. Different incidence and mortality rates were observed, the highest being found in Europe mainly in the Czech Republic followed by North America. In Colombia, the general incidence was 6.8 / 100,000 in men and 2.1 / 100,000 in women between 2003 and 2007, finding low numbers in departments such as Guajira.

Conclusions There has been an increase in the incidence and mortality of bladder cancer worldwide. There seems to be an association with smoking and diet, as well as with the Human Development Index. There is little information in Latin America; in Colombia, observing the data of some departments and the distribution of specialists in the different regions a sub-register can be consider, making necessary to improve surveillance systems, as well as health policies for the diagnosis and early intervention of cancer.

Palabras Clave

cáncer de vejiga - epidemiología - incidencia - prevalencia - mortalidad - sobrevida

Keywords

bladder cancer - epidemiology - incidence - prevalence - mortality - survival rate

Consideraciones Éticas

Protección de sujetos humanos y animales. Los autores declaran que no se realizaron experimentos en seres humanos o animales para este estudio.


Confidencialidad de los datos. No se aplica


Financiación

Ninguna.


 

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