After limited digestion of purified human HMW-kininogen by plasmin, the kininogen
molecule consists of two disulfide-linked chains in which the bradykinin sequence
resides in the "light chain" portion. Kinin was released from this molecule by plasma
kallikrein at a two- to three-fold more rapid rate than from uncleaved HMW-kininogen.
Similarly, when normal human plasma or prekallikrein deficient plasma was treated
with sufficient streptokinase to activate plasminogen the subsequent rate of release
of kinin by kallikrein was enhanced. The digestion of HMW-kininogen by plasmin as
well as kinin relea^s was inhibited by epsilon aminocaproic acid at a concentration
of 10−3 M, suggesting that one or more lysine residues was critical to the plasmin-HMW-kininogen
interaction. Leukocyte elastase cleaved HMW-kininogen into low molecular weight fragments
without releasing kinin but plasma kallikrein could then release kinin from a low
molecular weight component of elastase-digested HMW-kininogen (≦50 kd mol. wt.). Elastase
destroyed the coagulant properties of the kininogen
When HMW-kininogen was converted to two-chain, disuifide-linked molecules, either
by plasmin or kallikrein, the quantity of antigen detected in an ELISA with polyclonal
antibody to human light chain antigens was significantly increased. Expression of
antigen detectable with a monoclonal antibody to an epitope located close to the disulfide
interchange in the light chain was not increased by prior limited digestion with these
enzymes
It is possible that minimal activation of plasminogen in vivo may facilitate kinin
release by kallikrein. In addition, in quantifying antigenic properties of HMW-kininogen
in plasma, care should be taken to block in vitro activation of plasminogen or prekallikrein.
Since leukocyte elastase can be released during clotting of whole blood, it might
then serve as a regulator of coagulation through its inactivation of coagulant properties
of HMW-kininogen
