Nervenheilkunde 2017; 36(12): 972-979
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636955
Psychoonkologie
Schattauer GmbH

Zurück in die Zukunft

Psychoonkologische Spezifika Adoleszenter und junger Erwachsener mit KrebsBack to the futurePsycho-oncological specifics of adolescents and young adults with cancer
M. Köhler
1   Universitätsklinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
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Publikationsverlauf

eingegangen am: 08. Juni 2017

angenommen am: 05. Oktober 2017

Publikationsdatum:
16. Februar 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene (Adolescents and Young Adults, AYA) mit Krebs stellen mit einer Inzidenz von 15 000 Fällen pro Jahr in ihrer Peer Group eine Ausnahme dar. Mittlerweile liegen eine Reihe forschungsbasierter Befunde vor, welche die klinische Bedeutsamkeit des umschriebenen Altersintervalls zwischen dem 15. und 39. Lebensjahr im Vergleich zu Kindern und älteren Erwachsenen kennzeichnen. Darüber hinaus stehen das körperliche und seelische Erleben sowie die individuelle Bewältigung der existenziellen Abhängigkeiten durch den Krebs und die Krebsbehandlung in einem deutlichen Gegensatz zum Charakter der Lebenssituation eines gesund aufwachsenden jungen Erwachsenen. Eine Evidenz zur forschungsbasierten Entwicklung geprüfter Beurteilungsverfahren, Erhebung psychosozialer Beanspruchungen und Wirksamkeitsprüfung personalisierter Interventionsansätze ist bislang allerdings kaum gegeben. Die Anwendung entwicklungspsychologischer Konzepte und familienbasierter Ansätze kann ein professionelles Verständnis im Umgang mit den AYAKrebspatienten und deren existenziell bedrohlichen Herausforderungen fördern.

Summary

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are an exception in their peer group with an incidence of 15,000 cases per year. Meanwhile there is a range of researchbased findings which characterize the clinical relevance of the circumscribed age interval between 15 and 39 years of age in comparison with children and older adults. Furthermore, the physical and mental experiences as the individual coping of the existential dependencies associated with cancer and cancer treatment are in distinct contrast to the life situation of young adults growing up healthy. However, there is almost no evidence for the research-based development of validated assessments, survey of psychosocial load and symptoms, and evaluation of clinical effectiveness of personalized interventions. Usage of concepts regarding development psychology and family-based approaches can encourage our professional understanding in dealing with AYA cancer patients and challenges threatening their health.

 
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