Husten und Asthma bronchiale

Zusammenfassung

Das Asthma bronchiale ist die häufigste chronische Erkrankung im Kindesalter, ca. 10 % der Kinder sind im Schulalter betroffen. Je nach Alter und Schweregrad können die klinischen Symptome deutlich variieren. Der charakteristische Husten tritt vor allem bei Infekten der oberen Atemwege, aber auch bei körperlicher Anstrengung und bei allergischen Asthmatikern, abhängig von der Allergenex-position, auf. Gräser- oder Pollenallergiker leiden vor allem an saisonalen Beschwerden in Kombination mit einer allergischen Rhinitis, während die Beschwerden derer, die von perennialen Allergenen wie Hausstaubmilben oder Tierhaaren betroffen sind, unspezifisch über das ganze Jahr verteilt sind. Im Säuglings- bzw. Kleinkindesalter gilt besondere Vorsicht bei der Diagnosestellung Asthma, da es zahlreiche Differenzialdiagnosen zu berücksichtigen gibt. Auch haben viele dieser Kinder transient auftretende viral getriggerte rezidivierende obstruktive Bronchi-tiden, die nicht in ein chronisches Asthma übergehen. Da in diesem Alter jedoch noch kein Lungenfunktionstest durchgeführt werden kann, muss die Diagnose anhand des klinischen Verlaufes, dem Vorhandensein von Risikofaktoren und dem Ansprechen auf eine spezifische Therapie gestellt werden.

Summary

Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease, about 10 % of school-aged children are affected. Depending on age and severity symptoms can be very different. Characteristic coughing occurs primarily during physical activity and infections of the upper respiratory tract meanwhile in allergic children with asthma it depends on the allergen: kids with seasonal allergies (e. g. grass, pollen) suffer mainly of seasonal symptoms in combination with allergic rhinitis, while the complaints of those who are affected by perennial allergens such as house dust mites or animals, are distributed non-specifically throughout the year. In infancy particular care is needed to diagnose asthma because of many other possible diseases: clinically these children have often virally triggered recurrent obstructive bronchitis without ever developing asthma. Since lung function tests cannot be performed in this age group easily, the diagnosis must be based on the clinical course, the presence of risk factors and response to specific therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Asthma - Husten - Allergie - obstruktive Bronchitis

Keywords

Asthma - cough - allergy - wheezing

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