Nachsorge bei Frühgeborenen

Zusammenfassung

Steigende Frühgeburten- sowie steigende Überlebensraten sehr unreifer Frühgeborener in den letzten Dekaden haben zu einem Anstieg der Anzahl von Kindern mit einem Risiko für psychoneurologische Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten geführt, welche Auffälligkeiten in der motorischen und kognitiven Entwicklung, Seh- und Hörstörungen, Teilleistungsstörungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten umfassen. Die hohe Rate an Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten macht eine über das Kleinkindesalter hinausgehende Nachbetreuung erforderlich. Zur Nachbetreuung der Kinder wurden verschiedene Nachsorgekonzepte entwickelt, welche physiotherapeutische, psychologische, soziale und/oder pädagogische Ansätze beinhalten. In einer Metaanalyse verschiedener Nachsorgekonzepte konnten teilweise signifikante Effekte auf die kognitive Entwicklung im Kleinkindesalter gezeigt werden, ein Effekt auf die motorische Entwicklung wurde nicht beobachtet. Dem Ansatz der psycho-sozialen Unterstützung der Familien scheint eine Bedeutung in der Verbesserung des kognitiven Outcomes und in der Reduktion von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zuzukommen.

Summary

Increasing rates of premature birth as well as increasing survival rates of very preterm infants during the last decades have led to an increase of children with a high risk of neurobehavioural impairments such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, sensory deficits (blindness/deafness), learning disabilities and behavioural problems. The high rate of neurobehavioural impairments requires special follow up beyond early childhood. Early developmental intervention programs including physiotherapeutic, psychological, social and/or educational approaches have been developed for preterm infants. Significant effects on cognitive development during early childhood could be shown in a meta-analysis of different early developmental intervention programs; an effect on motor development could not be found. The approach of psychosocial support of families seems to play an important role in improving cognitive outcome and reducing behavioural problems.

Schlüsselwörter

Frühgeborene - Outcome - Nachsorgekonzepte

Keywords

Preterm infants - outcome - follow-up programs

• Literatur

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