Diabetes in der Adoleszenz

Zusammenfassung

Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist von einer steigenden Inzidenz des Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus auszugehen, ähnliches gilt für die Inzidenz des Typ-2-Diabetes. Während der Adoleszenz, dem Übergang von der Kindheit in das Erwachsenenalter, steigt der HbA_1c-Wert bei den weiblichen und männlichen Patienten. Dieser Ausdruck suboptimaler Stoffwechseleinstellung ist verbunden mit den Umständen zunehmender Verselbständigung, die in der Adoleszenz stattfindet. So fällt in diese Zeitspanne auch der Übergang von der Fremdbestimmung zur Selbstbestimmung in der Gesundheitsfürsorge. Das Verstehen und Beach-ten entwicklungspsychologischer Aspekte sowie interdisziplinäre Kooperationen zwischen Pädiatern, Jugendpsychotherapeuten und anderen beteiligten Professionen können zu einer Behandlungsoptimierung dieser Zielgruppe beitragen. Diese zu unterstützen ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Familienbezogene Interventionen, die auf eine klare Verteilung der Verantwortlichkeiten bezüglich der diabetischen Einstellung und deren Kontrolle abzielen, sollten als wirksames Instrument Einsatz in der Behandlung finden.

Summary

The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 is rising, as is the case for type 2. During the transition from childhood to adulthood laboratory values of HbA_1c worsen in both female and male patients. This finding seems to be connected to the process of striving for autonomy during adolescence. As such, the move from other-determined to self-determined health care decisions takes place at this stage. Knowing and bearing in mind aspects of developmental psychology and promoting interdisciplinary cooperation between paediatricians and youth psychotherapists and other professionals, may help optimize outcome in these patients. Interventions targeting the family, based on a clear-cut distribution of responsibilities concerning diabetic therapy and its control, should be implemented as they may prove effective.

Schlüsselwörter

Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 - Adoleszenz - Entwicklungspsychologie - Interdisziplinarität

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus type 1 - adolescence - developmental psychology - multidisciplinarity

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