Bildgebung und Genetik bipolarer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Trotz der hohen Prävelanz und Morbidität der bipolaren Störung ist die zugrunde liegende Neurobiologie wenig verstanden. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel bietet einen Einblick in neue bildgebende und genetische Untersuchungen der Störung. Dazu referieren wir Befunde aus strukturellen und funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografiestudien, Positronen-Emissionstomografiestudien, genomweiten Assoziationsstudien und Imaging-Genetics-Studien. In der Zusammenschau legen die Befunde nahe, dass bei der bipolaren Störung eine Dysfunktion des Emotionen verarbeitenden neuralen Netzwerks besteht. Ein hyperaktives ventrales Emotionssystem wird mit affektiven Symptomen, wie gehobener oder gedrückter Stimmung, in Zusammenhang gebracht. Ein hypoaktives dorsales Emotionssystem könnte Störungen der exekutiven Funktionen und der Emotionsregulation erklären. Die Studien dienen einem besseren Verständnis der Pathophysiologie der bipolaren Störung. Perspektivisch könnten sie zudem einen Beitrag leisten zu Früherkennung, Sicherung der Diagnose, Klassifizierung von Subtypen, Individualisierung der Behandlung, Prädiktion von Therapieverläufen sowie Entwicklung neuer Therapieformen.

Schlüsselwörter

Manie - Depression - Magnetresonanztomografie - genomweite Assoziationsstudien

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