Schizophrenie als Netzwerkstörung

Zusammenfassung

Die Schizophrenie stellt eine schwere psychische Erkrankung dar, welche für mehr als 50% der Betroffenen einen ungünstigen Verlauf aufweist. Bei Betrachtung der Pathophysiologie hat sich in letzter Zeit in wachsendem Maße gezeigt, dass es sich nicht um eine klassische neurodegenerative Erkrankung, sondern um eine Störung mit einem dysfunktionalen regenerativen Prozess im menschlichen Gehirn handelt. Wie bei allen komplexen Erkrankungen zeigt sich auch in der Ätiologie der Schizophrenie eine Interaktion von genetischen und Umweltfaktoren. Wir wissen inzwischen, dass neben den „Copy Number Variations” (CNVs) und Risikogenen (z. B. NRG-1, G72) auch epigenetische Mechanismen für den signifikanten Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren auf die Pathophysiologie von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Das Verständnis bestimmter pathophysiologischer Aspekte der klinischen Symptomatik wie der kognitiven Dysfunktion, dürfte zur Entwicklung zusätzlicher Therapien beitragen, welche den longitudinalen Verlauf der Schizophrenie verbessern.

Schlüsselwörter

Schizophrenie - Pathogenese - Hippocampus - Genetik - Langzeitverlauf

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