Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen der Arbeit soll der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zur ADHS im Erwachsenenalter vorgestellt werden. Die Ursachen der ADHS sind noch nicht vollständig geklärt, es werden jedoch genetische und andere Einflussfaktoren wie prä-und perinatale Komplikationen angenommen. Daneben weisen ADHS-Patienten hirnorganisch strukturelle, neurochemische und funktionelle Auffälligkeiten auf. Die Diagnostik der ADHS im Erwachsenenalter basiert auf einem klinischen Interview, biografischer und Fremdanamnese sowie psychometrischen Erhebungen. Zudem sollten organische oder andere psychische Erkrankungen, die ADHS-ähnliche Symptome hervorrufen können, differenzialdiagnostisch ausgeschlossen werden. Erfolgt die Diagnosestellung nach DSM-5 müssen die Symptome vor dem 12. Lebensjahr aufgetreten sein. Bei der Behandlung der ADHS im Erwachsenenalter wird eine Kombination aus Pharmako-und Psychotherapie empfohlen. Neuere Behandlungsansätze wie die Supplementation von Vitaminen, Fettsäuren oder Mineralien, Sport oder Neurofeedback bedürfen einer weiteren Evaluation.

Summary

Aim of the paper is to present the current status of research on ADHD in adulthood. The etiology of adult ADHD is not entirely clarified, however genetic and other influencing factors like pre-and perinatal complications are assumed. Additionally, in patients with ADHD structural, neurochemical and functional brain abnormalities have been found. The diagnosis is based on a clinical interview (including significant others), biographical information and psychometric measurements. Furthermore organic or psychiatric diseases which cause ADHD-like symptoms should be ruled out. According to DSM-5 symptoms should be verifiable before the age of 12. A combination of pharmaco-and psychotherapy is recommended for treatment of adult ADHD. Newer treatment approaches like the supplementation of vitamins, fatty acids or minerals, athletics or neurofeedback require further investigation.

Schlüsselwörter

ADHS - Erwachsene - Diagnostik - Therapie

Keywords

ADHD - adults - diagnostic - therapy

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