Steigerung der Knochenfestigkeit durch Ganzkörpervibrationstraining

Zusammenfassung

Ganzkörpervibrationstraining (Whole Body Vibration [WBV] Training) stellt eine “alternative Trainingstechnologie” dar, die in der letzten Dekade zunehmend Verbreitung gefunden hat und sich auch im Bereich Osteoporose etablieren konnte. WBV-Training besitzt das Potenzial, das Frakturrisiko als zentrale Zielgröße aller Interventionsmaßnahmen im Bereich Osteoporose über die zwei Trainingsziele “Erhöhung der Knochenfestigkeit” und “Reduktion des Sturzrisikos” anzusteuern. Die osteogene Wirkung von WBV wurde in tierexperimentellen Studien klar belegt. Im Gegensatz dazu weisen die humanen klinischen WBV-Studien eher heterogene Ergebnisse auf, wobei 11 von 19 Studien signifikant positive Ergebnisse berichten. Die uneinheitlichen Ergebnisse in humanen Studien könnten nicht zuletzt darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass in den Studien unterschiedliche Geräte und Belastungsprotokolle zur Anwendung kamen. In diesem Beitrag werden die grundlegenden Wirkungsweisen von WBV auf den Knochen dargestellt und inhaltliche Unterschiede von WBV-Training vor dem Hintergrund der heterogenen Studienergebnisse diskutiert, wobei das Ziel die Identifikation von Erfolgsprädikatoren für ein osteogenes WBV Training ist.

Summary

Whole Body Vibration (WBV) Training represents an “alternative training technology” which got increasingly popular in the last decade and was established in the field of osteoporosis both for prevention and therapy. WBV-Training has the potential to reduce the risk of fractures by two pathways, the “increase of bone strength” and the “reduction of the risk of falling”. The osteogenic effect of WBV was clearly demonstrated in animal studies. In contrast, the human clinical studies of WBV-Training produced rather heterogeneous results with 11 of 19 studies reporting significant positive results. The inconsistent results in human studies may be due to the use of different WBV devices and vibration training protocols. The article describes the basic effects of WBV on bone and discusses the differences of WBV-Training considering the heterogeneous study results. The aim is the identification of key factors for an osteogenic WBV-Training.

Schlüsselwörter

Osteoporose - Training - Ganzkörper-Vibrationstraining - WBV - Knochendichte - BMD

Keywords

Osteoporosis - training - whole body vibration (WBV) - bone mineral density - BMD

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