„Obesogenic environments“

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung In der aktuellen Diskussion über die Auswirkungen des Wohnumfeldes auf die Gesundheit von Bewohnern wird die Existenz sogenannter “obesogenic environments” konstatiert. Diese Studie untersucht am Beispiel der Stadt Köln, ob sozial benachteiligte Wohngegenden tatsächlich ein besseres Angebot an ungesunden Nahrungsmitteln und ein schlechteres Angebot an gesunden Nahrungsmitteln aufweisen.

Design/Aufbau Diese ökologische Studie wurde in vier Stadtteilen Kölns mit 18 Sozialräumen (Wohnvierteln) und insgesamt 92 000 Einwohnern durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die Gesamtanzahl aller Verkaufsstellen für Fast Food und Obst und Gemüse erfasst, mittels eines Geographischen Informationssystems kartiert und deren Verteilung statistisch mit einem Einkommensindikator korreliert.

Ergebnisse Im gesamten Untersuchungsraum wurden 67 Points of Sale (PoS) für Fast Food und 41 PoS für Obst und Gemüse identifiziert. Je statusniedriger der Sozialraum, desto besser war das Angebot sowohl ungesunder als auch gesunder Nahrungsmittel.

Schlussfolgerungen Das lokale Fast Food-Angebot stellt einen potenziellen kontextuellen Einflussfaktor auf Adipositas im Sinne von “obesogenic environments” dar. Die locale Versorgungssituation mit frischem Obst und Gemüse ist in sozial benachteiligten Wohnvierteln allerdings ebenfalls besser, was der “Obesogenic environments”-These widerspricht. Somit eröffnet sich eine Möglichkeit zielgruppen- und settingbezogener Interventionen vor Ort.

Summary

Objective The current discussion regarding “place effects on health” has identified the existence of so called “obesogenic environments”. On the basis of investigations conducted in the German city of Cologne, our study examines whether socially deprived residential areas have indeed a better supply of unhealthy and a worse supply of healthy foods.

Design This ecological study was conducted in four districts of Cologne featuring 18 social areas (residential neighbourhoods) with a total of 92,000 inhabitants. In doing so, the total number of fast food and fruits & vegetables outlets was recorded and mapped using a geographic information system. In addition to that, their distribution was correlated statistically with an income indicator.

Results In the total investigation area, 67 fast food and 41 fruits & vegetables outlets were identified. The provision of both unhealthy and healthy food was significantly positively associated with the deprivation level of a social area.

Conclusions The local availability of fast food can be seen to have a contextual influence on adiposity in the sense of “obesogenic environments”. However, the local supply with fresh fruits and vegetables has revealed to be better in socially deprived neighborhoods as well, which contradicts the thesis of “obesogenic environments”. As a consequence, new possibilities of local target group and setting specific interventions are revealed.

Schlüsselwörter

Fast Food - Obst & Gemüse - Umgebungseinfluss - ökologische und Umgebungsphänomene

Keywords

Fast food - fruits & vegetables - environmental impact - ecological and environmental phenomena

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