Ursachen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zählt zu den am häufigsten diagnostizierten Erkrankungen bei Kindern. Sie ist durch die Trias Hyperaktivität, Aufmerksamkeitsstörung und Impulsivität gekennzeichnet. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird primär auf die Ursachen der ADHS eingegangen. Die Erblichkeit wurde anhand von Zwillings-, Adoptions- und Familienstudien zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen. Es werden Neurotransmitter-, pathoanatomische und molekulargenetische Befunde dargestellt. Mögliche Umwelteinflüsse, die als Riskofaktoren von Relevanz sind, werden diskutiert.

Summary

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most commonly diagnosed disorders in children. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This review primarily pertains to the etiology of ADHD. Heritability estimates based on twin, adoption, and family studies are summarized. Results on neurotransmitter, pathoanatomic and moleculargenetic findings are presented. Potential environmental factors, which are viewed as risk factors, are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Genetik - pränatale und postnatale Risikofaktoren

Keywords

Genetics - prenatal and postnatal risk factors

• Literatur

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