Abstract
Introduction Myiasis is a disease caused by fly larvae that grow in the tissues of animals and
humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending
on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever and malaise. Myiasis
can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues.
Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor
that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many
places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no
published management protocols.
Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors
and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused
by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities.
Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline,
Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published
cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged from
newborn to 65 years old. The most common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit,
alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing
factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed.
Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical
approaches.
Keywords
diptera - ear diseases - larva - myiasis - parasites - sarcophagidae
