Prophylaxe venöser Thromboembolien

Zusammenfassung

Viele hospitalisierte Patienten weist Risikofaktoren auf, die zur venösen Thromboembolie (VTE) prädisponieren. Dabei stellen tiefe Venenthrombose und Lungenembolie eine wesentliche Morbiditätsursache in der Perihospitalphase dar, teilweise mit fatalem Verlauf durch fulminante Lungenembolien. Chirurgische und auch nicht chirurgische, akut internistisch erkrankte Patienten zeigen eine vergleichbar hohe Rate an thromboembolischen Komplikationen. Aus diesen Gründen ist eine effektive und sichere venöse Thromboembolieprophylaxe bei hospitalisierten Patienten erforderlich. Für die tägliche Routine hat es sich bewährt, Patientengruppen mit unterschiedlichem venösem Thromboembolierisiko zu definieren und alle Patienten innerhalb dieser Gruppen einer risikoadaptierten Prophylaxestrategie zu unterziehen. Zur venösen Thromboembolieprophylaxe stehen medikamentöse und nicht medikamentöse Maßnahmen zur Verfügung.

Summary

Most hospitalized patients present risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are relevant causes for morbidity and mortality in the perihospital phase, with a possibly fatal outcome. Surgical as well as nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness are at risk and show comparatively high rates of VTE. Because of this, an effective and safe prophylaxis for hospitalized patients is necessary. Definition of different risk categories and treatment of patients according to the individual risk profile is standard in VTE prophylaxis. For VTE prophylaxis various medical and mechanical options are available.

Schlüsselwörter

Thromboseprophylaxe - venöse Thromboembolie (VTE) - tiefe Venenthrombose

Keywords

Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism - venous thromboembolism - deep venous thrombosis

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