Homeopathy 2018; 107(01): 003-009
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1609016
Homeopathy and Public Health
The Faculty of Homeopathy

Homeopathy Use in the United States and Implications for Public Health: A Review

Michelle L. Dossett
1   Division of General Internal Medicine and Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
,
Gloria Y. Yeh
2   Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
› Institutsangaben
Funding Michelle L. Dossett was supported by K23AT009218 from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) at the NIH.
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

05. August 2017

01. November 2017

Publikationsdatum:
22. Dezember 2017 (online)

Abstract

Homeopathy is used by just over 2% of the U.S. population, predominantly for respiratory, otorhinolaryngology, and musculoskeletal complaints. Individual users who see a homeopathic provider for care are more likely to perceive the therapy as helpful than those who do not; however, only 19% of users in the United States see a provider. The rest presumably rely upon over-the-counter products. Recent clinical trials highlight several areas in which homeopathy may play a role in improving public health, including infectious diseases, pain management, mental health, and cancer care. This review examines recent studies in these fields, studies assessing costs associated with homeopathic care, safety, and regulations in the United States. Data suggest the potential for public health benefit from homeopathy, especially for conditions such as upper respiratory infections and fibromyalgia.

 
  • References

  • 1 Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Barnes PM, Nahin RL. Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002-2012. Natl Health Stat Rep 2015; 1-16
  • 2 Black LI, Clarke TC, Barnes PM, Stussman BJ, Nahin RL. Use of complementary health approaches among children aged 4-17 years in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2007-2012. Natl Health Stat Rep 2015; 1-19
  • 3 Frass M, Strassl RP, Friehs H, Müllner M, Kundi M, Kaye AD. Use and acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among the general population and medical personnel: a systematic review. Ochsner J 2012; 12: 45-56
  • 4 Italia S, Wolfenstetter SB, Teuner CM. Patterns of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in children: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173: 1413-1428
  • 5 Dossett ML, Davis RB, Kaptchuk TJ, Yeh GY. Homeopathy use by US adults: results of a national survey. Am J Public Health 2016; 106: 743-745
  • 6 Jacobs J, Chapman EH, Crothers D. Patient characteristics and practice patterns of physicians using homeopathy. Arch Fam Med 1998; 7: 537-540
  • 7 Cella D, Yount S, Rothrock N. , et al; PROMIS Cooperative Group. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Med Care 2007; 45: S3-S11
  • 8 Davidson J, Jonas W. Individualized homeopathy: a consideration of its relationship to psychotherapy. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22: 594-598
  • 9 Bornhöft G, Matthiessen PF. , eds. Homeopathy in Healthcare – Effectiveness, Appropriateness, Safety, Costs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. [cited 2015 Apr 28]. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-20638-2 . Accessed May 22, 2015
  • 10 Zoorob R, Sidani MA, Fremont RD, Kihlberg C. Antibiotic use in acute upper respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician 2012; 86: 817-822
  • 11 Klemas N, Dowling R. Clinical economics. Cough, cold & flu. Med Econ 2015; 92: 17-19
  • 12 Gonzales R, Malone DC, Maselli JH, Sande MA. Excessive antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 757-762
  • 13 Fleming-Dutra KE, Hersh AL, Shapiro DJ. , et al. Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among US ambulatory care visits, 2010-2011. JAMA 2016; 315: 1864-1873
  • 14 Jernberg C, Löfmark S, Edlund C, Jansson JK. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. ISME J 2007; 1: 56-66
  • 15 Esposito S, Canevini MP, Principi N. Complications associated with antibiotic administration: neurological adverse events and interference with antiepileptic drugs. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50: 1-8
  • 16 Stahlmann R, Lode HM. Risks associated with the therapeutic use of fluoroquinolones. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12: 497-505
  • 17 American Institute of Homeopathy - Letter from concerned physicians - antibiotic resistance. Available at: http://www.homeopathyusa.org/about-aih-2/position-statements-letters-2/letter-regarding-antibiotic-resistance.html Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 18 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Bégaud B, Rossignol M. , et al. Management of upper respiratory tract infections by different medical practices, including homeopathy, and consumption of antibiotics in primary care: the EPI3 cohort study in France 2007-2008. PLoS One 2014; 9: e89990
  • 19 Taylor JA, Jacobs J. Homeopathic ear drops as an adjunct in reducing antibiotic usage in children with acute otitis media. Glob Pediatr Health 2014; 1 DOI: 10.1177/2333794×14559395.
  • 20 Thinesse-Mallwitz M, Maydannik V, Keller T, Klement P. A homeopathic combination preparation in the treatment of feverish upper respiratory tract infections: an international randomized controlled trial. Forsch Komplement Med 2015; 22: 163-170
  • 21 van Haselen R, Thinesse-Mallwitz M, Maidannyk V. , et al. The effectiveness and safety of a homeopathic medicinal product in pediatric upper respiratory tract infections with fever: a randomized controlled trial. Glob Pediatr Health 2016; 3 DOI: 10.1177/2333794×16654851.
  • 22 Jacobs J, Taylor JA. A randomized controlled trial of a homeopathic syrup in the treatment of cold symptoms in young children. Complement Ther Med 2016; 29: 229-234
  • 23 Siqueira CM, Homsani F, da Veiga VF. , et al. Homeopathic medicines for prevention of influenza and acute respiratory tract infections in children: blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Homeopathy 2016; 105: 71-77
  • 24 Pedrero-Escalas MF, Jimenez-Antolin J, Lassaletta L, Diaz-Saez G, Gavilán J. Hospital clinical trial: homeopathy (Agraphis nutans 5CH, Thuya occidentalis 5CH, Kalium muriaticum 9CH and Arsenicum iodatum 9CH) as adjuvant, in children with otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 88: 217-223
  • 25 Bell IR, Boyer NN. Homeopathic medications as clinical alternatives for symptomatic care of acute otitis media and upper respiratory infections in children. Glob Adv Health Med 2013; 2: 32-43
  • 26 Dean ME. The Trials of Homeopathy: Origins, Structure and Development. Essen: KVC; 2004
  • 27 Dr. André Saine debates famous skeptics in U.S. and Canada. Available at: http://homeopathy.ca/debates_2013-03-22Q1ns.shtml Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 28 Frass M, Linkesch M, Banyai S. , et al. Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit. Homeopathy 2005; 94: 75-80
  • 29 Bracho G, Varela E, Fernández R. , et al. Large-scale application of highly-diluted bacteria for Leptospirosis epidemic control. Homeopathy 2010; 99: 156-166
  • 30 Golden I, Bracho G. A reevaluation of the effectiveness of homoeoprophylaxis against leptospirosis in Cuba in 2007 and 2008. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2014; 19: 155-160
  • 31 Fact Sheets NIH. - Pain Management. Available at: https://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=57 Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 32 Boehm K, Raak C, Cramer H, Lauche R, Ostermann T. Homeopathy in the treatment of fibromyalgia–a comprehensive literature-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22: 731-742
  • 33 Teixeira MZ, Podgaec S, Baracat EC. Potentized estrogen in homeopathic treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 211: 48-55
  • 34 Danno K, Colas A, Masson JL, Bordet MF. Homeopathic treatment of migraine in children: results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19: 119-123
  • 35 Rossignol M, Begaud B, Engel P. , et al; EPI3-LA-SER group. Impact of physician preferences for homeopathic or conventional medicines on patients with musculoskeletal disorders: results from the EPI3-MSD cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012; 21: 1093-1101
  • 36 Witt CM, Lüdtke R, Baur R, Willich SN. Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective observational study with 2 years' follow-up. Clin J Pain 2009; 25: 334-339
  • 37 Morris M, Pellow J, Solomon EM, Tsele-Tebakang T. Physiotherapy and a homeopathic complex for chronic low-back pain due to osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 22: 48-56
  • 38 NIMH. Any mental illness (AMI) among U.S. adults. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/any-mental-illness-ami-among-us-adults.shtml Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 39 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Massol J. , et al. Homeopathic medical practice for anxiety and depression in primary care: the EPI3 cohort study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16: 125
  • 40 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Massol J. , et al. Utilization of psychotropic drugs by patients consulting for sleeping disorders in homeopathic and conventional primary care settings: the EPI3 cohort study. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 170-175
  • 41 de Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML. Depression during the perimenopause: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 206: 174-180
  • 42 Macías-Cortés EdelC, Llanes-González L, Aguilar-Faisal L, Asbun-Bojalil J. Individualized homeopathic treatment and fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression in peri- and postmenopausal women (HOMDEP-MENOP study): a randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0118440
  • 43 Cancer Statistics [Internet]. National Cancer Institute. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 44 Karp JC, Sanchez C, Guilbert P, Mina W, Demonceaux A, Curé H. Treatment with Ruta graveolens 5CH and Rhus toxicodendron 9CH may reduce joint pain and stiffness linked to aromatase inhibitors in women with early breast cancer: results of a pilot observational study. Homeopathy 2016; 105: 299-308
  • 45 Frass M, Friehs H, Thallinger C. , et al. Influence of adjunctive classical homeopathy on global health status and subjective wellbeing in cancer patients - a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23: 309-317
  • 46 Gleiss A, Frass M, Gaertner K. Re-analysis of survival data of cancer patients utilizing additive homeopathy. Complement Ther Med 2016; 27: 65-67
  • 47 Davis K, Squires D, Schoen C. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally. The Commonwealth Fund; 2014 Jun. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/fund-report/2014/jun/1755_davis_mirror_mirror_2014.pdf Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 48 Viksveen P, Dymitr Z, Simoens S. Economic evaluations of homeopathy: a review. Eur J Health Econ 2014; 15: 157-174
  • 49 Colas A, Danno K, Tabar C, Ehreth J, Duru G. Economic impact of homeopathic practice in general medicine in France. Health Econ Rev 2015; 5: 55
  • 50 Ostermann JK, Reinhold T, Witt CM. Can additional homeopathic treatment save costs? A retrospective cost-analysis based on 44500 insured persons. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0134657
  • 51 Stub T, Musial F, Kristoffersen AA, Alræk T, Liu J. Adverse effects of homeopathy, what do we know? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2016; 26: 146-163
  • 52 Borneman JP, Field RI. Regulation of homeopathic drug products. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006; 63: 86-91
  • 53 Homeopathic legal and regulatory practice in the United States - COMPLETE information about homeopathic legal and regulatory practice in the United States - Todd Rowe. Hpathy.com. 2010. Available at: http://hpathy.com/past-present/homeopathic-legal-and-regulatory-practice-in-the-united-states/ Accessed May 22, 2017
  • 54 Mathie RT, Roniger H, Van Wassenhoven M. , et al. Method for appraising model validity of randomised controlled trials of homeopathic treatment: multi-rater concordance study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012; 12: 49
  • 55 Mathie RT, Van Wassenhoven M, Jacobs J. , et al. Model validity of randomised placebo-controlled trials of individualised homeopathic treatment. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 164-169
  • 56 Mathie RT, Van Wassenhoven M, Jacobs J. , et al. Model validity and risk of bias in randomised placebo-controlled trials of individualised homeopathic treatment. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25: 120-125
  • 57 Mathie RT, Van Wassenhoven M, Rutten ALB. , et al. Model validity of randomised placebo-controlled trials of non-individualised homeopathic treatment. Homeopathy 2017; 106: 194-202
  • 58 Dean ME, Coulter MK, Fisher P, Jobst KA, Walach H. Reporting data on homeopathic treatments (RedHot): a supplement to CONSORT. J Altern Complement Med 2007; 13: 19-23