Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: Clinical and Laboratorial Aspects and Perinatal Results

Abstract

Objective To identify the prevalence of pyelonephritis during pregnancy and to analyze the clinical and laboratorial aspects, perinatal results and complications.

Methods A transversal study of 203 pregnant women who had pyelonephritis during pregnancy and whose labor took place between 2010 and 2016 at a hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The analysis was based on medical records as well as on the hospital's database. Clinical and laboratory conditions, antibiotics, bacterial resistance, perinatal outcomes and complications were all taken into account. The data was compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square test.

Results A prevalence of 1.97% with pyelonephritis was evidenced, with most patients having it during the second trimester of gestation. The bacteria most commonly found in the urine cultures was Escherichia coli, in 76.6% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.7%). Ceftriaxone had the lowest bacterial resistance (only 3.5% of the cases). On the other hand, ampicillin and cephalothin presented higher bacterial resistance, 52% and 36.2%, respectively. The risk of very premature delivery was more than 50% higher in patients with pyelonephritis.

Conclusion Ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins are associated with a higher bacterial resistance while ceftriaxone proved to have a high efficacy for the treatment of pyelonephritis due to low bacterial resistance. Patients with pyelonephritis showed a higher risk for very premature delivery (< 32 weeks). In this casuistry, there were no others significant differences in the overall perinatal outcomes when compared with the routine service series.

Resumo

Objetivo Identificar a prevalência da pielonefrite durante a gestação, analisar seus aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais, resultados perinatais e complicações.

Métodos Estudo transversal que incluiu 203 gestantes com pielonefrite durante a gestação e cujos partos aconteceram entre 2010 e 2016 em um hospital no estado de Santa Catarina, no Brasil. A análise foi feita através de informações coletadas de prontuários e da base de dados do hospital. Foram levados em consideração aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, antibioticoterapia, resistência bacteriana, resultados perinatais e complicações. Esses dados foram comparados através do teste de Mann-Whitney e do Qui-quadrado.

Resultados Foi evidenciada uma prevalência de 1,97%, sendo que a maioria das pacientes se encontrava no segundo trimestre de gestação. A bactéria mais encontrada nas uroculturas foi a Escherichia coli, em 76,6% dos casos, seguido pela Klebsiella pneumoniae (8,7%). A ceftriaxona, usada como primeira escolha, demonstrou ser o antibiótico com menor resistência bacteriana (apenas 3,5% dos casos). A ampicilina e a cefalotina apresentaram maiores resistências bacterianas, 52% e 36,2%, respectivamente. O risco de parto prematuro extremo (< 32 semanas) foi mais que 50% maior em pacientes com pielonefrite.

Conclusão A ampicilina e cefalosporinas de primeira geração estão associadas à maior resistência bacteriana enquanto a ceftriaxona provou ter uma alta eficácia para o tratamento da pielonefrite devido à baixa resistência bacteriana. Pacientes com pielonefrite têm maior risco para parto prematuro extremo (< 32 semanas). Nesta casuística, não houveram outras diferenças significativas nos resultados perinatais gerais quando comparados com a série de serviços de rotina.

Keywords

pyelonephritis - pregnancy - pregnancy complications infectious

Palavras-chave

Pielonefrite - Gravidez - Complicações infecciosas da gravidez

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