Potential and bioaccessibility of Pueraria mirifica-loaded nanostructure lipid carriers for its impact on the biopharmaceutical application

Pueraria mirifica (PM) is a natural herb which has anti-allergic properties and stimulates estrogenic activity. PM extracted-loading into nanostructure lipids carriers (NLCs) was exploited to enhance solubility and develop effective formulations for topical administration. The different lipids and concentration of surfactants were chosen to prepare NLCs using high pressure homogenization (HPH) and evaluated to optimize NLCs formulation. The colloidal dispersions characterized for particle size, zeta-potential, in vitro release and entrapment efficiency due to explore for active ingredients permeation properties. PM-loaded NLCs were arounds 150 – 200nm in diameter, negatively charged and high entrapment efficiency more than 80%. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of PM isoflavone (puerarin, daidzein, genestin) in crude extract and Pueraria mirifica extracted-loading into nanostructure lipids carriers (PM-loaded NLCs) on the anti-proliferation potential of fibroblast (CRL-2522) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The results revealed that after treatment with PM and PM-loaded NLCs, a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth occurred in CRL-2522, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. It was initiated that PM-loaded NLCs inhibited proliferation of the breast cancer cells at 50% cell growth concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.69 g/mL with the low toxicity on CRL-2522 cell lines. Meanwhile, the results from cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assays revealed that PM-loaded NLCs induced cell apoptosis through caspase-3-depndent pathway. The results demonstrated that PM-loaded NLC showed an estrogenic effect on MCF-7 cell growth and a clear antagonistic effect with estradiol (E2) at high concentration. From these results, it was suggested that PM-loaded NLCs could enhance topical delivery property and it may act as a chemotherapeutic agent against cancer by reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis. This is poised to significantly increase impact on the biopharmaceutical applications.