Abstract
This review highlights the most common presentations of demyelination of the central
nervous system (CNS, termed acquired demyelinating syndrome) in children, the difficulty
in determining whether the first episode represents a monophasic/transient illness
or relapsing disease, and the potential underlying etiologies that must be considered,
including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD),
and disorders associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)
antibodies. The initial clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, as
well as those observed over time, are highlighted, emphasizing the distinct and overlapping
features of each of these disorders.
Keywords
acquired demyelinating syndrome - pediatric - multiple sclerosis - neuromyelitis optic
spectrum disorder - AQP4 - MOG
