Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2018; 16(03): 185-191
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604421
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Anusha K. Yeshokumar
1   University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
,
Brenda L. Banwell
1   University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

23 June 2017

26 June 2017

Publication Date:
31 July 2017 (online)

Abstract

This review highlights the most common presentations of demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS, termed acquired demyelinating syndrome) in children, the difficulty in determining whether the first episode represents a monophasic/transient illness or relapsing disease, and the potential underlying etiologies that must be considered, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and disorders associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The initial clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, as well as those observed over time, are highlighted, emphasizing the distinct and overlapping features of each of these disorders.

 
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