Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology 2016; 05(02): 070-081
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592660
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart • New York

Supratentorial Brain Tumors in Children

Anastasia K. Zikou
1   Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
,
Vassileios Xydis
1   Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
,
George Alexiou
2   Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
,
Maria I. Argyropoulou
1   Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

12 July 2016

26 July 2016

Publication Date:
26 September 2016 (online)

Abstract

Brain tumors in children are the second most common type of pediatric tumors after leukemia and the most common occurring solid tumor. Brain tumors diagnosed during the first year of life have different features than those presenting later in childhood and are usually supratentorial. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for the diagnosis and characterization of these tumors. Herewith, we provide a review of the imaging characteristics on conventional and advanced neuroimaging techniques of the most common supratentorial intracranial tumors in children.

 
  • References

  • 1 Borja MJ, Plaza MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of pediatric intracranial tumors: supratentorial tumors. Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200 (5) W483-503
  • 2 Panigrahy A, Krieger MD, Gonzalez-Gomez I , et al. Quantitative short echo time 1H-MR spectroscopy of untreated pediatric brain tumors: preoperative diagnosis and characterization. Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27 (3) 560-572
  • 3 Poussaint TY. Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric brain tumors: state of the art. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 12 (6) 411-433
  • 4 Lanphear J, Sarnaik S. Presenting symptoms of pediatric brain tumors diagnosed in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; 30 (2) 77-80
  • 5 Rossi A, Gandolfo C, Morana G, Tortori-Donati P. Tumors of the spine in children. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2007; 17 (1) 17-35
  • 6 Tortori-Donati P, Rossi A, Biancheri R , et al. Brain Tumors. In: Tortori-Donati P, ed, Pediatric Neuroradiology Brain Head and Neck Spine. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2005: 329-429
  • 7 Cha S. Update on brain tumor imaging: from anatomy to physiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27 (3) 475-487
  • 8 Ibrahim AS, Gomaa M, Sakr H , et al. Role of diffusion tensor imaging in characterization and preoperative planning of brain neoplasms. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 2013; 44 (2) 297-307
  • 9 Okamoto K, Ito J, Ishikawa K, Sakai K, Tokiguchi S. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging in differential diagnosis of brain tumors and tumor-like conditions. Eur Radiol 2000; 10 (8) 1342-1350
  • 10 Cha S, Knopp EA, Johnson G, Wetzel SG, Litt AW, Zagzag D. Intracranial mass lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging. Radiology 2002; 223 (1) 11-29
  • 11 Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, Thomas B, Shroff MM, Haacke EM. Principles, techniques, and applications of T2*-based MR imaging and its special applications. Radiographics 2009; 29 (5) 1433-1449
  • 12 Hoefnagels FW, Lagerwaard FJ, Sanchez E , et al. Radiological progression of cerebral metastases after radiosurgery: assessment of perfusion MRI for differentiating between necrosis and recurrence. J Neurol 2009; 256 (6) 878-887
  • 13 Astrakas LG, Argyropoulou MI. Key concepts in MR spectroscopy and practical approaches to gaining biochemical information in children. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46 (7) 941-951
  • 14 Al-Okaili RN, Krejza J, Wang S, Woo JH, Melhem ER. Advanced MR imaging techniques in the diagnosis of intraaxial brain tumors in adults. Radiographics 2006; 26 (Suppl. 01) S173-S189
  • 15 Tzika AA, Zarifi MK, Goumnerova L , et al. Neuroimaging in pediatric brain tumors: Gd-DTPA-enhanced, hemodynamic, and diffusion MR imaging compared with MR spectroscopic imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23 (2) 322-333
  • 16 Lee CC, Ward HA, Sharbrough FW , et al. Assessment of functional MR imaging in neurosurgical planning. Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20 (8) 1511-1519
  • 17 Wengenroth M, Blatow M, Guenther J, Akbar M, Tronnier VM, Stippich C. Diagnostic benefits of presurgical fMRI in patients with brain tumours in the primary sensorimotor cortex. Eur Radiol 2011; 21 (7) 1517-1525
  • 18 Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD , et al. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114 (2) 97-109
  • 19 Patibandla MR, Bhattacharjee S, Uppin MS, Purohit AK. Outcome of supratentorial intraaxial extra ventricular primary pediatric brain tumors: A prospective study. J Pediatr Neurosci 2014; 9 (3) 216-220
  • 20 Rosenfeld A, Listernick R, Charrow J, Goldman S. Neurofibromatosis type 1 and high-grade tumors of the central nervous system. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26 (5) 663-667
  • 21 Barkovich AJ, Raybaud C. Pediatric Neuroimaging. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012
  • 22 Horger M, Vogel MN, Beschorner R , et al. T2 and DWI in pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytoma with pathologic correlation. Can J Neurol Sci 2012; 39 (4) 491-498
  • 23 Harris LM, Davies NP, Macpherson L , et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the assessment of pilocytic astrocytomas. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44 (17) 2640-2647
  • 24 Wu X, Bandopadhayay P, Ng J, Ashley D, Chow CW. The evolution of the histology in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas in children: a study of 15 cases. Pathology 2011; 43 (1) 9-16
  • 25 Moore W, Mathis D, Gargan L , et al. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of childhood: MR imaging and diffusion MR imaging features. Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35 (11) 2192-2196
  • 26 Paldino MJ, Faerber EN, Poussaint TY. Imaging tumors of the pediatric central nervous system. Radiol Clin North Am 2011; 49 (4) 589-616
  • 27 Crespo-Rodríguez AM, Smirniotopoulos JG, Rushing EJMR. MR and CT imaging of 24 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) and a review of the literature. Neuroradiology 2007; 49 (4) 307-315
  • 28 Nikitović M, Stanić D, Pekmezović T , et al. Pediatric glioblastoma: a single institution experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32 (1) 97-103
  • 29 Koeller KK, Rushing EJ. From the archives of the AFIP: oligodendroglioma and its variants: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2005; 25 (6) 1669-1688
  • 30 Tice H, Barnes PD, Goumnerova L, Scott RM, Tarbell NJ. Pediatric and adolescent oligodendrogliomas. Am J Neuroradiol 1993; 14 (6) 1293-1300
  • 31 Chang YW, Yoon HK, Shin HJ, Roh HG, Cho JM. MR imaging of glioblastoma in children: usefulness of diffusion/perfusion-weighted MRI and MR spectroscopy. Pediatr Radiol 2003; 33 (12) 836-842
  • 32 Singhal N, Agarwal V. Pediatric gliomatosis cerebri mimicking tubercular encephalitis. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015; 10 (4) 379-381
  • 33 Bendszus M, Warmuth-Metz M, Klein R , et al. MR spectroscopy in gliomatosis cerebri. Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21 (2) 375-380
  • 34 Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G. Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. J Neuroradiol 2010; 37 (3) 148-158
  • 35 Maton B, Resnick T, Jayakar P, Morrison G, Duchowny M. Epilepsy surgery in children with gliomatosis cerebri. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 1485-1490
  • 36 Goh S, Butler W, Thiele EA. Subependymal giant cell tumors in tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurology 2004; 63 (8) 1457-1461
  • 37 Telfeian AE, Judkins A, Younkin D, Pollock AN, Crino P. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with cranial and spinal metastases in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Case report. J Neurosurg 2004; 100 (5, Suppl Pediatrics): 498-500
  • 38 Grajkowska W, Kotulska K, Jurkiewicz E, Matyja E. Brain lesions in tuberous sclerosis complex. Review. Review Folia Neuropathol 2010; 48 (3) 139-149
  • 39 Holveck A, Grand S, Boini S , et al. Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI evaluation of cerebral intraventricular tumors: preliminary results. J Neuroradiol 2010; 37 (5) 269-275
  • 40 Kalantari BN, Salamon N. Neuroimaging of tuberous sclerosis: spectrum of pathologic findings and frontiers in imaging. Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (5) W304-9
  • 41 Yuh EL, Barkovich AJ, Gupta N. Imaging of ependymomas: MRI and CT. Childs Nerv Syst 2009; 25 (10) 1203-1213
  • 42 Wagner MW, Poretti A, Huisman TA, Bosemani T. Conventional and advanced (DTI/SWI) neuroimaging findings in pediatric oligodendroglioma. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31 (6) 885-891
  • 43 Danchaivijitr N, Waldman AD, Tozer DJ , et al. Low-grade gliomas: do changes in rCBV measurements at longitudinal perfusion-weighted MR imaging predict malignant transformation?. Radiology 2008; 247 (1) 170-178
  • 44 Smits M. Imaging of oligodendroglioma. Br J Radiol 2016; 89 (1060) 20150857
  • 45 Koeller KK, Sandberg GD ; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. From the archives of the AFIP. Cerebral intraventricular neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002; 22 (6) 1473-1505
  • 46 Horská A, Ulug AM, Melhem ER , et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of choroid plexus tumors in children. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14 (1) 78-82
  • 47 Krieger MD, Panigrahy A, McComb JG , et al. Differentiation of choroid plexus tumors by advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurosurg Focus 2005; 18 (6A): E4
  • 48 Koeller KK, Rushing EJ. From the archives of the AFIP: pilocytic astrocytoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2004; 24 (6) 1693-1708
  • 49 Shin JH, Lee HK, Khang SK , et al. Neuronal tumors of the central nervous system: radiologic findings and pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002; 22 (5) 1177-1189
  • 50 Im SH, Chung CK, Cho BK , et al. Intracranial ganglioglioma: preoperative characteristics and oncologic outcome after surgery. J Neurooncol 2002; 59 (2) 173-183
  • 51 Hummel TR, Miles L, Mangano FT, Jones BV, Geller JI. Clinical heterogeneity of desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma: a case series and literature review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34 (6) e232-e236
  • 52 Jurkiewicz E, Grajkowska W, Nowak K, Kowalczyk P, Walecka A, Dembowska-Bagińska B. MR imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient and histopathological features of desmoplastic infantile tumors-own experience and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31 (2) 251-259
  • 53 Fernandez C, Girard N, Paz Paredes A, Bouvier-Labit C, Lena G, Figarella-Branger D. The usefulness of MR imaging in the diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in children: a study of 14 cases. Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24 (5) 829-834
  • 54 Kovanlikaya A, Panigrahy A, Krieger MD , et al. Untreated pediatric primitive neuroectodermal tumor in vivo: quantitation of taurine with MR spectroscopy. Radiology 2005; 236 (3) 1020-1025
  • 55 Law M, Kazmi K, Wetzel S , et al. Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion and conventional MR imaging findings for adult patients with cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004; 25 (6) 997-1005
  • 56 Koral K, Zhang S, Gargan L , et al. Diffusion MRI improves the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of common pediatric cerebellar tumors among reviewers with different experience levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34 (12) 2360-2365
  • 57 de León-Bojorge B, Rueda-Franco F, Anaya-Jara M. Central nervous system atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: experience at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City. Childs Nerv Syst 2008; 24 (3) 307-312
  • 58 Koral K, Gargan L, Bowers DC , et al. Imaging characteristics of atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor in children compared with medulloblastoma. Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (3) 809-814
  • 59 Meyers SP, Khademian ZP, Biegel JA, Chuang SH, Korones DN, Zimmerman RA. Primary intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of infancy and childhood: MRI features and patient outcomes. Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27 (5) 962-971
  • 60 Rorke LB, Packer R, Biegel J. Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of infancy and childhood. J Neurooncol 1995; 24 (1) 21-28
  • 61 Parmar HA, Hawkins C, Ozelame R, Chuang S, Rutka J, Blaser S. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ring sign as a marker of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2007; 31 (3) 348-353
  • 62 Smirniotopoulos JG, Rushing EJ, Mena H. Pineal region masses: differential diagnosis. Radiographics 1992; 12 (3) 577-596
  • 63 Gavrilovic S, Lavrnic S, Thurnher M , et al. Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging of intracranial germ cell tumors: implications for differentiation from other lesions. Eur J Radiol Extra 2011; 79: e59-e64
  • 64 Smith AB, Rushing EJ, Smirniotopoulos JG. From the archives of the AFIP: lesions of the pineal region: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2010; 30 (7) 2001-2020