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Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016; 38(04): 189-195
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583171
Original Article
Thieme Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Could Low Birth Weight be Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescence?

Poderia o baixo peso ao nascimento ser associado com risco cardiovascular na adolescência?
Priscila de Jesus dos Santos Alves
1   Department of Community Health, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
,
Edward Araujo Júnior
2   Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Ana Ciléia Pinto Teixeira Henriques
1   Department of Community Health, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
,
Francisco Herlânio Costa Carvalho
3   Department of Maternal and Child Health, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

27 October 2015

08 January 2016

Publication Date:
29 April 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Purpose Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with cardiovascular risk in late adulthood. Recent studies in adolescents suggest that modifiable factors may have greater influence on increased cardiovascular risk. This study aims to investigate the association between LBW and changes in anthropometric and biochemical risk factors during adolescence in a population with low average socioeconomic status.

Methods In a retrospective double cohort, data of birth weight were extracted from hospital records of children born on the same day between 1992 and 2002. According to the World Health Organization, we classified the children as having LBW or normal birth weight. A total of 172 subjects among children, adolescents and adults were researched. We measured anthropometric and clinical data, lipid profile and glucose after an overnight fasting. The low and normal weight groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U, Fischer exact, Chi-square (χ2) and Student's t tests.

Results Pregnant women with preeclampsia delivered more newborns with LBW (p < 0.001). Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between groups. No differences were found in the family history of cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.1), family incomes (p = 0.8) and maternal school education (p = 0.8) between groups.

Conclusion In this study, LBW did not increase cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. We observed absence of association between low birth weight and poor health outcomes among adolescents with low socioeconomic status from an urban city in the Brazilian northeast.

Resumo

Objetivo Estudos mostram que o baixo peso ao nascer está associado ao risco cardiovascular na idade adulta. Estudos recentes em adolescentes sugerem que fatores modificáveis podem ter grande influência no aumento do risco cardiovascular. Este estudo busca investigar a associação entre baixo peso ao nascer com mudanças nos fatores de risco antropométricos e bioquímicos durante a adolescência em uma população com baixo nível socioeconômico.

Métodos Em um estudo retrospectivo de coorte, dados de peso ao nascimento foram extraídos de registros de hospitais, de crianças que nasceram no mesmo dia, entre 1992 e 2002. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, classificamos as crianças como baixo peso e peso normal. Um total de 172 pessoas, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, foram pesquisadas. Avaliamos dados clínicos e antropométricos, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum. Os grupos de baixo peso e de peso normal foram comparados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney, Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado e t-Student.

Resultados Gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia tiveram mais partos de recém-nascidos com baixo peso (p < 0,001). Parâmetros clínicos e antropométricos foram similares em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença na história familiar de doença cardiovascular (p = 0,1), renda familiar (p = 0,8) e nível educacional materno (p = 0,8) entre os grupos.

Conclusão Neste estudo, o baixo peso ao nascimento não aumentou o risco de doença cardiovascular na adolescência. Observou-se ausência de associação entre o baixo peso ao nascer e adversos resultados de saúde entre os adolescentes com baixo nível socioeconômico de um centro urbano no Nordeste brasileiro.

Keywords

low birth weight - cardiovascular disease risk factors - anthropometry - low socioeconomic status - adolescence

Palavras-chave

baixo peso ao nascimento - risco cardiovascular - antropometria - baixo nível socioeconômico - adolescência
 

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