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Semin Neurol 2016; 36(02): 203-211
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579696
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Manifestation, Neuroimaging Correlates, and Treatment

Tobias Pflugshaupt
1   Center for Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, State Hospital/Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
2   Unit of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
,
Olivia Geisseler
2   Unit of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
,
Thomas Nyffeler
1   Center for Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, State Hospital/Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
3   Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
,
Michael Linnebank
2   Unit of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
4   Department of Neurology, Helios-Klinik Hagen-Ambrock, Hagen, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 April 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Cognitive impairment is found in up to 70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Once thought of as a variant of subcortical dementia with a characteristic set of deficits, we now know that MS-related cognitive impairment can have many faces. This conceptual change in neuropsychology is embedded in a paradigm shift in the neuroscientific understanding of MS over the past 25 years: Partly based on modern neuroimaging techniques, the classical view of MS as an inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the white matter of the central nervous system has been extended. In particular, many studies have shown that the MS pathology also includes neurodegeneration, and that gray matter structures such as the cerebral cortex can also show focal lesions, atrophy, or both. The authors present an updated summary of the clinical manifestation and neuroimaging correlates of cognitive impairment in MS, and discuss the relatively few treatment options available to date.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - neuropsychology - cognitive impairment - neural correlates - treatment
 

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