Download PDF
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 20(04): 364-369
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570746
Original Research
Thieme Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Production and Tissue Eosinophilia in Chronic Rhinitis

Aleksandar Peric
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
,
Cveta Spadijer-Mirkovic
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
,
Svjetlana Matkovic-Jozin
2   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
,
Ljiljana Jovancevic
3   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
,
Danilo Vojvodic
4   Institute of Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

19 October 2015

06 November 2015

Publication Date:
26 February 2016 (online)

   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a strong proinflammatory cytokine that takes part in allergic nasal inflammation as an eosinophil colony-stimulating factor. However, the role of GM-CSF in non-allergic rhinitis has not been fully explored.

Objectives The aim of this investigation was to assess the concentration of GM-CSF in nasal secretions of patients with non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) in comparison to patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and healthy subjects, as well as to assess the relationship with the degree of eosinophilic inflammation and clinical characteristics of the patients.

Methods Fourteen patients with diagnosis of NARES, 14 PAR patients, and 14 healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent symptom score assessment, nasal endoscopy, allergy testing, and cytological evaluation. The concentration of GM-CSF in nasal secretions of all participants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results We found significantly higher levels of GM-CSF in patients with NARES than in the control group (p = 0.035). The percent of eosinophils in nasal mucosa was higher in NARES patients in comparison to patients with PAR (p < 0.001) and control patients (p < 0.0001). We found positive correlations between GM-CSF levels and eosinophil counts only in NARES patients.

Conclusion The concentrations of GM-CSF in nasal secretions correlate well with eosinophil counts in the nasal mucosa of NARES patients. These facts indicate a possible role of GM-CSF as a favorable marker for assessment of nasal disease severity and the degree of chronic eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal mucosa.

Keywords

rhinitis - allergic - perennial - nasal lavage fluid - eosinophilia - cytokines
 

  • References

  • 1 Papadopoulos NG, Bernstein JA, Demoly P , et al. Phenotypes and endotypes of rhinitis and their impact on management: a PRACTALL report. Allergy 2015; 70 (5) 474-494
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang F, Yang Q, Zhang G. Peripheral Th17/Treg cell-mediated immunity imbalance in allergic rhinitis patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 80 (2) 152-155
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Nguyen KH, Suzuki H, Wakasugi T , et al. Expression of epidermal growth factors and a tight junction protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41 (4) 246-254
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ellis AK, Keith PK. Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2006; 6 (3) 215-220
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Scavuzzo MC, Rocchi V, Fattori B , et al. Cytokine secretion in nasal mucus of normal subjects and patients with allergic rhinitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57 (8) 366-371
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Shiomi A, Usui T. Pivotal roles of GM-CSF in autoimmunity and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015: 568543
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Shiozawa A, Miwa M, Ono N, Homma H, Hirotsu M, Ikeda K. Comparative analysis of cytokine release from epithelial cell cultures of the upper airway. Rhinology 2015; 53 (2) 135-141
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Rinia AB, Kostamo K, Ebbens FA, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ. Nasal polyposis: a cellular-based approach to answering questions. Allergy 2007; 62 (4) 348-358
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Van Hoecke H, Van Cauwenberge P, Thas O, Watelet JB. The ARIA guidelines in specialist practice: a nationwide survey. Rhinology 2010; 48 (1) 28-34
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Tsicopoulos A, Shimbara A, de Nadai P , et al. Involvement of IL-9 in the bronchial phenotype of patients with nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113 (3) 462-469
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Perić A, Baletić N, Sotirović J, Špadijer-Mirković C. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 production and eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2015; 124 (4) 266-272
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Perić A, Vojvodić D, Perić AV, Radulović V, Miljanović O. Correlation between cytokine levels in nasal fluid and scored clinical parameters in patients with nasal polyposis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 65 (Suppl. 02) 295-300
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Watelet JB, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Collection of nasal secretions for immunological analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 261 (5) 242-246
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Lü FX, Esch RE. Novel nasal secretion collection method for the analysis of allergen specific antibodies and inflammatory biomarkers. J Immunol Methods 2010; 356 (1–2) 6-17
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 15 De Corso E, Baroni S, Romitelli F , et al. Nasal lavage CCL24 levels correlate with eosinophils trafficking and symptoms in chronic sino-nasal eosinophilic inflammation. Rhinology 2011; 49 (2) 174-179
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Jankowski R, Persoons M, Foliguet B, Coffinet L, Thomas C, Verient-Montaut B. Eosinophil count in nasal secretions of subjects with and without nasal symptoms. Rhinology 2000; 38 (1) 23-32
    Google Scholar
  • 17 de Corso E, Battista M, Pandolfini M , et al. Role of inflammation in non-allergic rhinitis. Rhinology 2014; 52 (2) 142-149
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Moneret-Vautrin DA, Jankowski R, Bene MC , et al. NARES: a model of inflammation caused by activated eosinophils?. Rhinology 1992; 30 (3) 161-168
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Ohkubo K, Ikeda M, Pawankar R, Gotoh M, Yagi T, Okuda M. Mechanisms of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF release in nasal secretions of allergic patients after nasal challenge. Rhinology 1998; 36 (4) 156-161
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Shin SH, Lee SH, Jeong HS, Kita H. The effect of nasal polyp epithelial cells on eosinophil activation. Laryngoscope 2003; 113 (8) 1374-1377
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 21 De Corso E, Baroni S, Lucidi D , et al. Nasal lavage levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and chronic nasal hypereosinophilia. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5 (6) 557-562
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Riechelmann H, Deutschle T, Friemel E, Gross HJ, Bachem M. Biological markers in nasal secretions. Eur Respir J 2003; 21 (4) 600-605
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar