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DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1565766
Optimization of bioactive phenolic compounds extraction by modified supercritical fluid
Extraction by supercritical fluid is an environmentally friendly method by comparison with the conventional liquid/liquid or solid/liquid extraction. Moreover the physicochemical properties of supercritical CO2 (viscosity, diffusivity and surface tension) [1], with addition of polar co-solvents, favors the extraction of phenolic compounds [2, 3].
Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds such as caffeic acids derivatives identified by dereplication with LC-DAD-MS2 in a halophytic Asteracae, was tested. 100% CO2 and CO2 mixed with co-solvent were evaluated. Two temperatures were tested and a kinetic study of the extraction was made. Total extraction yields were measured and the major dicaffeoylquinic acids content was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-DEDL.
Presence of 10% ethanol in CO2 is not enough to extract polar compounds of interest; the addition of 20% water in ethanol provides a strong enhancement of the extraction of dicaffeoylquinic acids. Moreover, in these conditions, it is not necessary to increase temperature to extract phenolic compounds. Kinetic study shows that in 1h, 80% of final extract mass is obtained.
The results show that supercritical modified fluids (CO2/EtOH/water) are very interesting for finding an alternative to the organic solvents used in the fields of cosmetics and food.
References:
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[2] Diaz-Reinoso B, Moure A, Dominguez H, Parajo JC. Supercritical CO2 extraction and purification of compounds with antioxidant activity. J Agric Chem 2006; 54: 2441 – 2469
[3] Heleno SA, Martins A, Queiroz MJRP, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactivity of phenolic acids: Metabolites versus parent compounds: A review. Food Chem 2015; 173: 501 – 513