Lyophilisierung humaner Blut- und Stammzellen – Neue Methoden der Langzeitkonservierung für die Raumfahrt und terrestrische Anwendungen

Explorationsmissionen außerhalb des Erdorbits erfordern eine weitgehende Autonomie der Crew in der medizinischen Versorgung. Hier stellt sich die zwingende Frage nach einer sicheren und robusten Lagerungsmöglichkeit von Blutprodukten unter möglichst geringem Massen- und Energiebudget. Die Lypophilisierung humaner Zellen könnte für die Raumfahrtmedizin ein Meilenstein in der Konservierung primärer Zellen darstellen. Sie wurde im Jahr 2009 erstmals experimentell an hämatopoietischen Zellen erfolgreich durchgeführt und würde Transport und Langzeitlagerung von Blutprodukten und hämatopoietischen Stammzellen ohne Gefriersysteme ermöglichen.

Exploration missions beyond Earth orbit are associated with a maximum autonomy of the crew with regard to medical support and treatment. This raises the compelling question of safe and robust storage methods for cellular blood products at the lowest possible mass and energy budget. Lyophilization of human cells could represent a milestone in the preservation of primary cells for space medicine. It was carried out successfully in 2009 for the first time for hematopoietic cells and would allow long-term storage and transportation of cellular blood products and hematopoietic stem cells without any freezing systems. Lyophilized cells stored at ambient temperature would provide economic and practical advantages over approaches employing cell freezing and subzero temperature storage.

Key words

space flight - blood cells - stem cells - transfusion - transplantation - lyophilization - freeze-drying

• Literatur

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