Chemotherapie-induzierte Polyneuropathie

Zusammenfassung

Eine periphere Neuropathie ist eine häufige und klinisch relevante Nebenwirkung antineoplastischer Substanzen wie Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, Vincristin und Bortezomib. Die Pathomechanismen, die zur Entstehung einer Chemotherapie-induzierten Polyneuropathie (CIPN) beitragen, wurden in den letzten Jahren anhand unterschiedlicher in vivo und in vitro-Modelle untersucht. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Chemotherapie-induzierte mitochondriale Dysfunktion, gestörter axonaler Transport, Toxizität gegenüber Schwann-Zellen und die Aktivierung des Immunsystems eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zur Entstehung einer CIPN. Zudem werden neue experimentelle Ansätze diskutiert, um neurotoxische Effekte antineoplastischer Substanzen zu verhindern oder abzuschwächen und somit der Entwicklung einer CIPN vorzubeugen.

Abstract

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and relevant side effect of antineoplastic agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib. Over the last years, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the underlying pathomechanisms of CIPN using both in vivo and in vitro models. These studies suggest that mitochondrial toxicity, disturbed axonal transport, toxic effects on Schwann cells and activation of the immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of CIPN. This review provides an overview of the current pathogenetic concepts of CIPN. In addition, experimental approaches that aim at preventing or ameliorating neurotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Chemotherapie-induzierte Polyneuropathie - Cisplatin - Paclitaxel - Vincristin - Bortezomib

Key words

chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy - cisplatin - paclitaxel - vincristin - bortezomib

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