Bekämpfung der Onchozerkose in Afrika – Große tropenmedizinische Erfolge in 40 Jahren durch internationale Partnerschaften

Zusammenfassung

Die Onchozerkose ist in über 30 Ländern Subsahara-Afrikas zwischen 15° Nord und 15° Süd von großer volksgesundheitlicher Bedeutung. Die Filarienerkrankung hat gravierende klinische und psycho-sozioökonomische Folgen. Vor Beginn einer großräumigen Bekämpfungskampagne 1975 waren viele Millionen Afrikaner Träger des Erkrankungserregers Onchocerca volvulus und weit über 100 Millionen einem ständigen Infektionsrisiko ausgesetzt. Seit 40 Jahren wird die Erkrankung in Afrika mithilfe von Vektorbekämpfung und Massenchemotherapie großräumig bekämpft. Die bevorstehende Elimination des Gesundheitsproblems ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte der Tropenmedizin und der globalen Partnerschaft. Für die vollständige Eradikation bedarf es jedoch neuer, behandlungsverkürzender, möglichst auf die adulten Filarien zielende Therapeutika.

Summary

Concerning its high prevalence and its serious impacts, onchocerciasis, a filarial disease transmitted by blackfly bites, is of great public health importance in tropical Africa. It affects millions of people in over 30 african countries and far more are at permanent risk of infection. Serious skin disease and ocular lesions leading to blindness make onchocerciasis a disease of great socioeconomic importance. Vector control since 1975 and filaricidal masschemotherapy thereafter make onchocerciasis control a success story of tropical medicine and global partnership. Elimination of onchocerciasis as a public health problem has been almost reached but total eradication will probably need more appropriate treatment tools to kill the adult filariae right away.

Key words

onchocerciasis - eradication - vector control - filaricidal chemotherapy - global partnership

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