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Semin Liver Dis 2015; 35(02): 166-183
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550059
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis: Present and Future

Keyur Patel
1   Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
,
Pierre Bedossa
2   Department of Pathology, Physiology and Imaging, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
,
Laurent Castera
3   Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
14 May 2015 (online)

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Abstract

The diagnostic assessment of liver fibrosis, a major determinant of disease severity, is an important step in the management of patients with chronic liver diseases. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for the assessment of necroinflammation and fibrosis; however, recent technical advances have resulted in the development of numerous serum biomarkers and imaging tools as noninvasive alternatives to biopsy. These tests include biological (serum biomarker algorithms), physical (imaging assessment of tissue stiffness), and physiological (breath test) methods. Accumulating evidence shows that noninvasive tests provide prognostic information of clinical relevance, which has led to their incorporation into clinical guidelines and everyday practice. Here, the authors review and compare invasive and noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. They discuss emerging functional genomic, microparticle, protein-profiling, and bioimaging tools, focusing on novel sensitive tools that are able to assess the dynamic nature of fibrogenesis, a key requirement for the assessment of the efficacy of antifibrotic compounds in the future.

Keywords

noninvasive - liver fibrosis - biopsy - serum biomarkers - imaging - liver stiffness
 

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