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Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2015; 47(03): 100-104
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547560
Forschung
© Karl F. Haug Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Mammakarzinom − ein Update

A. Giesen   1
,
A. Großek   1
,
V. Rustler   1
,
J. Meyer
,
F.-T. Baumann
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 February 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Arbeit: Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Brustkrebs zählt zu den größten Herausforderungen in der Bewegungstherapie. Aufgrund der hohen Anzahl von Veröffentlichungen und der damit einhergehenden Menge an Daten sind regelmäßige Übersichtsarbeiten zur Veranschaulichung der Kernaussagen sinnvoll.

Methoden: Die Literaturrecherche zum Einfluss von körperlicher Aktivität und Sport auf spezifische Nebenwirkungen bei Mammakarzinompatientinnen wurde mit Hilfe der Fachdatenbanken PubMed und Medpilot durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die Suche auf Studien aus den Jahren 2013 bis 2015 begrenzt. Berücksichtigt wurden ausschließlich Interventionsstudien sowie nicht interventionelle Studien mit dem Endpunkt Survival.

Ergebnisse: Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zu positiven Effekten körperlicher Aktivität auf Lebensqualität und krankheits- und therapiebedingte Nebenwirkungen wie Fatigue wurden bestätigt. Zusätzlich konnte die aktuelle Datenlage positive Effekte auf die Symptome eines Lymphödems und die durch die Antihormontherapie hervorgerufenen Beschwerden festigen. Die Vermutung, dass körperliche Aktivität auch das Überleben verlängert, konnte durch die aktuelle Datenlage untermauert werden. Zudem deutet sich in den neusten Untersuchungen die Effektivität sanfterer Bewegungsformen wie Chi-Gong und Yoga sowie neuartiger Interventionen wie Nia an.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage zu Aktivitäts- und Bewegungsumfängen für Mammakarzinompatientinnen, aufgeteilt nach unterschiedlichen Nebenwirkungsprofilen. Es wird angeraten, die beschriebenen Trainingssteuerungen aufgrund der Unterschiede von Krankheits- und Therapieverläufen individuell an die Patientin anzupassen. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten verstärkt die Wirkmechanismen körperlicher Aktivität untersuchen, um die Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung besser zu verstehen. Eine weitere Herausforderung stellt die Translation der Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis dar.

Summary

Purpose: Scientific research observing effects of physical activity in breast cancer therapy is one of the crucial points in the field of oncological exercise therapy. Because of the huge amount of new publications every year, periodic reviews summarizing the main results are necessary to simplify the data.

Methods: This paper summarizes international publications from 2013 to 2015 regarding physical activity in breast cancer patients and gives trainings recommendations divided into specific side effects of cancer and therapy.

Results: Current data confirms the positive effect of physical activity on quality of life as well as on cancer-related fatigue. Furthermore, the studies consolidate the beneficial effect of physical activity on lymphedema and side effects caused by targeted therapy. The presumption that physical activity extends the survival could be verified. Current data also implicates the effectivity of exercise interventions such as Chi-Gong and Yoga.

Conclusions: Because of a great variety of different training volumes described in the literature, the development of precise training recommendations are necessary to facilitate sports therapy in breast cancer care. These recommendations should be made individually considering individual circumstances. Despite the huge amount of research studies, the influences of physical activity on metastatic breast cancer have barely investigated and require further research. Future study should also examine the physiological mechanism of physical activity to enable a better understanding of the dose-response relations. Another challenge is the translation of research results into practice.

Keywords

physical activity - exercise - breast cancer - mamma carcinoma

Schlüsselwörter

Körperliche Aktivität - Sport - Mammakarzinom - Brustkrebs

1 geteilte Erstautorenschaft


 

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