Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 2015; 34(01): 082-085
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547393
Case Report | Relato de Caso
Thieme Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy—Description of a Rare Clinical Entity

Angiopatia cerebral proliferativa – descrição de uma entidade clínica rara
Pedro Radalle Biasi
1   Resident, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Timóteo Abrantes de Lacerda Almeida
1   Resident, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Rafael Augusto Espanhol
1   Resident, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Matheus Pintos Brunet
1   Resident, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Paulo Sérgio Crusius
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Adroaldo Baseggio Mallmann
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Cláudio Albano Seibert
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Marcelo Ughini Crusius
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Charles André Carazzo
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
,
Cassiano Ughini Crusius
2   Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

01 January 2014

01 November 2014

Publication Date:
29 April 2015 (online)

Abstract

The cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is an uncommon vascular malformation of the brain, representing approximately 3.4% of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) cases, with complex morphology and poorly understood origin. Thus, we present the case of a woman patient aged 27 years, who performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain because of a headache. Extensive malformation was identified vascular right frontoparietal, with the presence of the brain tissue mixed with the vessel. CPA identified multiple feeder arteries, with the absence of nidus and slowing the flow into the venous system, confirming that it was CPA. During evaluation at another hospital she underwent partial embolization of the lesion, without success. Currently, the patient is progressing with left hemiparesis. CPA has distinct characteristics, such as large dimensions, presence of functional brain tissue intermingled with the vessels, no nidus, multiple nourishing vessels, and small veins. It does not present well-defined nidus or flow-related aneurysms. These characteristics classify it as a disease itself within the group of AVMs. This case clinically presents with seizures, refractory headaches, focal neurologic deficits, and low risk of bleeding. Alternatives for curative treatment imply significant neurologic deficits and the most accepted options aimed at easing the symptoms and the partial embolization alternative that is best associated with risks and benefits.

Resumo

A angiopatia cerebral progressiva (ACP) é uma malformação vascular encefálica incomum, representando cerca de 3,4% dos casos de malformações arteriovenosas (MAV's), com morfologia complexa e origem pouco compreendida. Assim, apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 27 anos, que realizou RNM de crânio para investigação etiológica de cefaleia, tendo sido identificado extensa malformação vascular frontoparietal direita, com a presença de tecido cerebral entremeado aos vasos. Exame de angiografia cerebral identificou múltiplas artérias nutridoras, com ausência de nidus e lentificação do fluxo para o sistema venoso, confirmando tratar-se de Angiopatia Cerebral Proliferativa. Durante avaliação em outro serviço foi submetida à embolização parcial da lesão, sem sucesso. Atualmente a paciente vem evoluindo com hemiparesia dimidiada à esquerda. A ACP apresenta características distintas como a presença de tecido cerebral funcionante entremeado aos vasos, ausência de nidus, múltiplos vasos nutridores e pequenas veias, sendo uma lesão de grandes dimensões. Não apresenta nidus bem definido ou aneurismas relacionados ao fluxo. Estas características a classificam como uma doença própria dentro do grupo das malformações arteriovenosas. Clinicamente cursa com crises epilépticas, cefaleias refratárias e déficits neurológicos focais. Apresenta baixo risco de sangramento. As alternativas para tratamento curativo implicam em importantes déficits neurológicos e as opções mais aceitam visam à atenuação da sintomatologia, sendo a embolização parcial a alternativa que melhor associa riscos e benefícios.

 
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