Effects of Nigella sativa seeds and oil on gingivitis in diabetic rats

For Nigella sativa L. (Black Seed) remarkable biochemical, immunological and pharmacological activities are described, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and hypoglycaemic effects. This study compares the effects of seeds of N. sativa and its commercial oil on the gingiva in diabetic rats. Sixty diabetic rats were divided into 3 equal groups: a control group, a group obtaining N. sativa seeds orally daily, and a group which was treated with N. sativa seed oil topically on the lower right buccal gingiva. Five rats from each group were sacrificed after 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Blood samples were collected in order to measure glucose levels. The gingiva was dissected and immediately prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical (CD34) studies. Results showed that N. sativa seeds have a hypoglycemic effect remaining until the end of the experiment. In addition, they have an anti-inflammatory effect which is more pronounced and arises earlier compared to Black Seed oil for which it could be seen earliest in the fourth and fifth week of treatment. In conclusion, seeds of N. sativa show hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activity, and oil from N. sativa seeds shows anti-inflammatory effects after topical administration.

Keywords: Nigella sativa, diabetes, gingivitis. rats