Planta Med 2014; 80 - P2P22
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394857

Thymus zygis and Thymus pulegioides as a source of phenolic compounds

OR Pereira 1, 2, AF Afonso 1, 3, V Domingues 2, SM Cardoso 2
  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
  • 2CERNAS, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal
  • 3Public Health Laboratory of Bragança, Local Health Unit, Bragança, Portugal

Thymus is an important genus in the West Mediterranean region, where many species are cultivated for confection of several dishes, including salads, soups, stews and sauces. Many Thymus, including T. zygis and T. pulegioides are also commonly used in traditional medicine [1]. Whist phenolic compounds are commonly associated to health-beneficial properties of Thymus, the specific phenolic composition of T. zygis and T. pulegioides is presently unknown [2]. The extracts of the aerial parts of T. zygis and T. pulegioides species were prepared with hot water as previously described [3]. Total phenolic contents were determined according to the adapted Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method [4] and the identification of the phenolic compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The extracts of T. zygis and T. pulegioides contained 319 ± 44 and 391 ± 3 µg GAE/mg, respectively. Likewise other Thymus species [2], both extracts were enriched in caffeic acid derivatives, showing characteristic UV spectra maxima at 290 and 328nm. The latter included rosmarinic acid (MW 360) and 3′-O-(8″-Z-caffeoyl)rosmarinic acid (MW 538) [2]. The two extracts also contained moderate amounts of the flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside (MW 448) that has been previously described in others Thymus species [2]. Yet, T. zygis and T. pulegioides phenolic profiles could be clearly distinguished: while the first had high levels of the phenolic acid salvianolic acid K (MW 556; UV spectra maxima at 288, 322), the extract of T. pulegioides was enriched in eriodictyol-O-hexoside and derivatives, with typical UV spectra maxima at 283nm. Note that salvianolic acid K has been previously described in T. vulgaris while eriodictyol-O-hexoside derivatives were previously found in T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum [2]. The phenolic compounds of T. zygis and T. pulegioides are here described for the first time.

Acknowledgements: Financial support of FCT to CERNAS (PEst-OE/AGR/UI0681/2014).

Keywords: Thymus zygis, Thymus pulegioides, phenolic compounds, phytochemical characterization

References:

[1] Zarzuelo, A. and Crespo, E. 2002, The medicinal and non-medicinal uses of Thyme. In: Stahl-Biskup, E. and Sáez, F., editors. Thyme, the genus Thymus, London: Taylor and Francis.

[2] Pereira, O.R. and Cardoso, S.M. (2013) Cur Anal Chem 9:382 – 396.

[3] Ferreira, F.M. et al. (2012) Cyta-J Food 10:92 – 102.

[4] Guyot, S. et al. (1998)J Agric Food Chem 46:1698 – 1705.