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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394766
Guarana effect on inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines is influenced by Ala16Val-SOD2 gene polymorphism
Emerging evidences suggest that biological effects of chemical molecules could to be differentially modulated by gene polymorphisms of several pathways including oxidative-inflammatory metabolism. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) a plant traditionally consumed by Amazon indigenous communities and nowadays used as caffeine source of energetic beverages presents antiinflammatory effect [1]. On the other hand, the same inflammatory cytokines modulated by guarana (G) are also influenced by genetic polymorphism in the superoxide dismutase manganese-dependent gene (SOD2), which an alanine (Ala) is substituted by valine (Val) in 16 codon [2]. In this polymorphism, VV genotype presents less enzyme efficiency and has being associated with several metabolic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Therefore, we performed an in vitro assay to test the potential Ala16Val-SOD2 polymorphism effects on level of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL = 6, TNFα, Igγ) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with G extract at different concentrations (1 – 20 mg/mL guaraná). The experimental conditions (Ala16Val-SOD2 genotyping by PCR protocol, cell culture and evaluation of cytokines by ELISA immunoassay) were similar to described previously [1,2]. The inflammatory cytokines levels decreased at 10 mg/mL G concentration independent of genotypes, with exception of IL-1β. This cytokine maintained similar values between control (C) and G treatments in AA-PBMCs. However, the IL-1β level of AA-PBMCs was lower than other genotypes (C-AA 24 ± 1/G-AA 22 ± 1; C-VV = 99 ± 2; G-VV = 88 ± 3; C-AV = 54 ± 3; G-AV = 44 ± 2 pg/mL, p= 0.001) and this condition could to explain this result. The antiinflammatory IL-10 cytokine increased in all cells G-treated. In conclusion, our results suggest a slight influence of Ala16Val-SOD2 on antiinflammatory effect induced by guaraná and a potential benefice including VV cells that present high levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Keywords: Guarana Ala16VAL cytokine SOD2 inflammatory
References:
[1] Costa Krewer C. Suleiman L et al. (2014). Guaraná, a supplement rich in caffeine and catechin, modulates cytokines: evidence from human in vitro and in vivo protocols. Eur Food Res Technol, 1:1 – 8.
[2] Montano MA. Da Cruz IB et al.(2012) Inflammatory cytokines in vitro production are associated with Ala16Val superoxide dismutase gene polymorphism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokine, 60:30 – 33.