Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report

Introduction: The neuroendocrine carcinomas may emerge in almost every body organ, though found more often on the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus are rarely affected. The presentation age varies from 26 to 86 years old, with no sex preference. Little is known about the predisposing factors, including smoking. The treatment includes the surgical removal of the lesion, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Objective: This study aims to report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the paranasal sinus.

Resumed Report: A 38-year-old male patient presented left nasal obstruction, pain on the left maxillary sinus, and thick rhinorrhea for 2 months. The nasofibroscopy showed a vegetant-like lesion at the middle meatus of the left nasal fossa. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinus was asked and showed that the lesion had a density like the soft tissue in the left nasal fossa and it presented a skull base invasion, front and medium, with ethmoid roof and nasal septus erosion. The diagnosis was because of pathological anatomy and immunohistochemistry. The treatment included tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Conclusion: Neuroendocrine tumors of the paranasal sinus are recurrent and locally destructive. A multifatorial treatment approach is needed, and even then the local and distant recurrence is very high. Associated surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the treatment option and is associated with a better control of the disease and survival rates.

Keywords: Neuroendocrine carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, aggressive.