Effects of chemical constituents from Fumaria indica on the production of cytokines & NO in LPS-stimulated murine cell lines

Inflammation are characterized by excessive production of mediators like NO, PGE₂ and cytokines like TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β etc and they are regarded as essential anti-inflammatory targets. On the basis of traditional uses/chemical similarity, Fumaria indica (whole plants) was selected for study. The plant extracts were prepared using solvent in sequence of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol by pressurized liquid extractor and screened for the effect on the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and NO in LPS-activated murine macrophages cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1). Based, on bio-guided approach ethyl acetate and methanol extract were selected for detailed phytochemical investigation. Till date, twenty two compounds namely, 8-oxostylopine 1, coptisine 2, stylopine 3, bicuculline 4, protopine 5, papaverine 6, berberine 7, oxyhydrastinine 8, epiberberine 9, hydrastinine 10, tyramine 11, noscapine 12, fumaric acid 13, monomethyl fumarate 14, rutin 15, apigenin 16, ferulic acid 17, caffeic acid 18, vanilline 19, quinic acid 20, chlorogenic acid 21 and dimethyl fumarate 22, have been isolated and characterized in which one 8-oxostylopine will be reported first time from any natural source. All the isolated compound have evaluated for modulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and NO; and in addition, cell viability of plant extracts/compounds was also studied by MTT assay on both cell lines.