Evaluation of Drug Interaction of Glimepiride with Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Type V in Diabetic Nephropathy

A. S. Tripathi; P. M. Mazumder; A. V. Chandewar

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382034

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, Table of Contents

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122(10): 597-601
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382034

Article

Evaluation of Drug Interaction of Glimepiride with Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Type V in Diabetic Nephropathy

A. S. Tripathi

¹Department of Pharmacology, P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India

,

P. M. Mazumder

²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

,

A. V. Chandewar

³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

The present study investigate the drug interaction of Glimepiride (GLIM) with Sildenafil Citrate (SIL) in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by administering Streptozotacin i. e. STZ (60 mg/kg). In present investigation GLIM (0.5 mg/kg, P.O.) and SIL (2.5 mg/kg, P.O.) were given for 6 weeks after the confirmation of DN. Pharmacodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated after 1^st dose and at the end of 6^th week of drug administration. There was significant (p<0.001) increase in the bioavailability of GLIM in the presence of SIL in DN after the 1^st dose of administration of the drug as compared to GLIM treated rat, whereas at the end of 6^th week of drug administration, there were significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the bioavailability of GLIM+SIL treated DN rats compared to GLIM treated rats. There was significant (P<0.01) reduction of blood glucose level in GLIM+SIL treated group as compare to only GLIM treated group on 1^st dose of drug administration but after continuous treatment for next 6 weeks, GLIM treated group showed significant hypoglycemia which was found to be reduced in GLIM+SIL treated group significantly. The present study concluded that GLIM+SIL treatment reduces the hypoglycemic condition which was there for GLIM treated DN rat.

Key words

diabetic nephropathy - glimepiride - sildenafil citrate - drug interaction

Full Text

References

References
1 United States Renal Data System . USRDS Annual Data Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007
2 Dominique LM, Ephi B, Hannah L et al. Relationship of Depression to Diabetes Types 1 and 2: Epidemiology. Biology, and Treatment Biological Psychiatry 2003; 54: 317-329
3 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics 2007
4 Giancarlo V. Thiazolidinediones – Benefits on microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2005; 19: 168-177
5 Xiaoyan X, Bin M. Cellular and humonal immune responses in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Journal of autoimmnity 2009; 32: 85-93
6 Peters V, Schmitt CP. Murine models of diabetic nephropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012; 120: 191-193
7 Yoshihiro K, Masayuki I, Takanori S et al. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. British Journal of Pharmacology 2011; 162: 1389-1400
8 Galiè N, Ghofrani HA, Torbicki A et al. Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2148-2157
9 Gylfe E, Hellman B, Sehlin J et al. Interaction of sulfonylurea with the pancreatic B-cell. Experientia 1984; 40: 1126
10 Vardi M, Nini A. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 1 CD002187
11 Kloner RA. Novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: Assessing hemodynamic effects and safety parameters. Clin Card 2004; 27: 120-125
12 Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J et al. Effect of inhaled iloprost oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2001; 104: 1218-1222
13 Ghofrani H, Reichenberg F, Kohsta MG et al. Sildenafil increased excercise capacity capacity during hypoxia at low altitude and at Mount Everest. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 169-177
14 Vallance P, Leone A, Calver A et al. Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. Lancet 1992; 339: 572-575
15 Griffi K, Picken M, Bidani A. Radiotelemetric BP monitoring, antihypertensives and glomeruloprotection in remnant kidney model. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 1010-1018
16 Bidani AK, Griffin KA, Bakris G et al. Lack of evidence of pressure-independent protection by renin-angiotensin system blockade after renal ablation. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 1651-1661
17 Bernardo R, Atilio F, Valentina V, Yasmir Q et al. Early treatment with cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor ameliorates progression of renal damage. Kidney International 2005; 68: 2131-2142
18 Kakadiya J, Shah M, Shah N. Glimepiride reduces on experimentally induced ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic rats. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 2010; I 15-19
19 Tesch GH, Allen TJ. Rodent models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology 2007; 12: 261-266
20 Tripathi AS, Sheikh I, Dewani AP et al. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for sildenafil citrate in rat plasma-application to pharmacokinetic studies. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2012; 21: 317-321a
21 Tripathi AS, Dewani AP, Shelke PG et al. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of glimepiride and sildenafil citrate in rat plasma-application to pharmacokinetic studies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63: 510-514b
22 Bando K, Yamada Y. Glimepiride (Amaryl): a review of its pharmacological and clinical profile. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2000; 118: 59-67
23 Sato J, Ohsawa I, Oshida Y et al. Effects of glimepiride on in vivo insulin action in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1993; 22: 3-9
24 Abrass CK. Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2004; 24: 46-53
25 Vaziri ND, Liang K, Park JS. Acquired lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency in nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol 2001; 49: F823-F829
26 Cohen MP, Ziyadeh FN, Chen S. Amadori-modified glycated serum proteins and accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes: pathogenic and therapeutic implications. J Lab Clin Med 2006; 147: 211-219
27 Day JF, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Nonenzymatically glucosylated albumin: in vitro preparation and isolation from normal human serum. J Biol Chem 1979; 254: 595-597
28 Ruiz-Cabello F, Erill S. Abnormal serum protein binding of acidic drugs in diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 36: 691-695
29 Worner W, Preissner A, Rietbrock N. Drug-protein binding kinetics in patients with type I diabetes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 43: 97-100
30 Kearns GL, Kemp SF, Turley CP et al. Protein binding of phenytoin and lidocaine in pediatric patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1988; 11: 14-23
31 Kemp SF, Kearns GL, Turley CP. Alteration of phenytoin binding by glycosylation of albumin in IDDM. Diabetes 1987; 36: 505-509
32 Trovik TS, Jaeger R, Jorde R et al. Plasma protein binding of catecholamines, prazosin and propranolol in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 43: 265-268
33 Trovik TS, Jaeger R, Jorde R et al. Reduced sensitivity to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and blockade in insulin dependent diabetic patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 38: 427-432
34 Reidenberg MM, Drayer DE. Alteration of drug-protein binding in renal disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1984; 9: 18-26
35 Keller F, Maiga M, Neumayer HH et al. Pharmacokinetic effects of altered plasma protein binding of drugs in renal disease. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1984; 9: 275-282
36 Gatti G, Crema F, Attardo-Parrinello G et al. Serum protein binding of phenytoin and valproic acid in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ther Drug Monit 1987; 9: 389-391
37 McNamara PJ, Blouin RA, Brazzell RK. The protein binding of phenytoin, propranolol, diazepam, and AL01576 (an aldose reductase inhibitor) in human and rat diabetic serum. Pharm Res 1988; 5: 261-265
38 Zini R, Riant P, Barre J et al. Disease-induced variations in plasma protein levels. Implications for drug dosage regimens (part II). Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 19: 218-229
39 Zini R, Riant P, Barre J et al. Disease-induced variations in plasma protein levels: implications for drug dosage regimens part (part I). Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 19: 147-159
40 Okabe N, Hashizume N. Drug binding properties of glycosylated human serum albumin as measured by fluorescence and circular dichroism. Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17: 16-21
41 Thomas S. Diabetic nephropathy. Medicine 2010; 38: 639-643
42 Vaziri ND. Roles of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004; 13: 93-99
43 Himmelfarb J, Stenvinkel P, Ikizler TA et al. The elephant in uremia: oxidant stress as a unifying concept of cardiovascular disease in uremia. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 1524-1538
44 Das A, Xi L, Kukreja RC. Phosphodiesterase-inhibitor, sildenafil preconditions adult cardiac myocytes agains necrosis and apoptosis: Essential role of NO signaling. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 12944-12955
45 Chao J, Chao L. Kallikrein-kinin in stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease. Exp Physiol 2005; 90: 291-298
46 Valente EG, Vernet D, Ferrini MG et al. L-arginine and hosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors counteract fibrosis in Peyronie’s fifrotic plaque and related fibroblast cultures. Nitric Oxide 2003; 9: 229-244