Ungesunder Lebensstil bei Patienten einer psychosomatischen Poliklinik und Konsilambulanz

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit psychischen Störungen haben ein höheres Risiko für die Entwicklung körperlicher Erkrankungen. Als wesentlicher Risikofaktor hierfür gilt ein ungesunder Lebensstil. Um präventive Ansatzpunkte zu finden, untersuchten wir, wie häufig ein ungesunder Lebensstil bei psychosomatischen Patienten vorkommt und wie dieser mit psychischen und somatischen Beschwerden zusammenhängt. Hierzu wurde die klinische Basisdokumentation der Jahre 2009–2011 von n=1 919 ambulanten psychosomatischen Patienten ausgewertet. Körperliche Inaktivität war mit 62,4% das häufigste Lebensstilrisiko, gefolgt vom Rauchen (33,2%) und Adipositas (17,4%). Alle Lebensstilrisiken waren mit einer höheren Symptombelastung und funktionalen Beeinträchtigung assoziiert. Raucher hatten mehr stationäre psychiatrische oder psychosomatische Vorbehandlungen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, den Lebensstil bei Patienten mit seelischen Erkrankungen stärker bei der Behandlung zu berücksichtigen.

Abstract

Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk for somatic diseases. Especially life style risk factors contribute to this increased risk. In order to identify targets for preventive measures, we aimed to determine the prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle in a clinical sample and to analyze associations with severity of mental disorders and somatic complaints. We analyzed the medical records of n=1 919 outpatients, who were treated between 2009–2011 in the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy of the University Medical Center Mainz. 62.4% of the patients were physically inactive, 33.2% were smokers and 17.4% were obese. Lifestyle risk factors were associated with increased symptom burden and impairment. Smoking was strongly associated with more previous psychiatric or psychosomatic inpatient treatments. These results indicate an urgent need for targeting health behavior more rigorously in the treatment of patients with common mental disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Lebensstil - körperliche Aktivität - Rauchen - psychische Störung - Prävention

Keywords

lifestyle - physical activity - smoking - mental disorder - prevention

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